Jeoloji Münendisliği Dergisi

Origin and Geomorphological Properties of Antalya Tufa Plateaus

ABSTRACT: Antalya Tufa plateaus, on which Antalya city established, cover 630 km2 area. Antalya tufa is known as the largest tufa (travertine) deposit all over the world. In the literature it was named as "travertine ”, however, in some recent papers tufa term is preferred. Antalya tufa is observed as plateaus in increasing elevations northward. These plateaus are grouped in to four principal plateaus and ten sub-plateaus. In the formation of the plateaus, primary depositional, surface erosion and coastal erosion related to sea level change was the most effective models. The first plateau is product of dominantly lacustrine depositional environment, however the first tufa deposition most probably started in perched springline model. The present surface was shaped surface erosion and leveling with terra rosa infilling. The second plateau was formed as abrasion platform due to wave erosion. A fter sea level decrease this abrasion platform became a plateau. In the final planar appearance, paludal and meandering river depositional models played secondary role. In the third plateau, tufa pools, stromatolit heads and oncolites were determined. This unit is not a perfect plateau. Karst marginal plane development is observed in the present. The fourth plateau was formed as an abrasion plateau as well and due to sea level rise it is an undersea plateau in the present. In this study, digital topographical maps were analyzed. 3 dimensional surface model was constructed and boundaries of the plateaus were determined. Geological processes, which are probably effective in plateau formation, were examined and a final unified model was proposed for all the plateaus.