Faults as Geological Barrier, A Case Study: Çiğli Evka-5 Landslide (Izmir)
ASTRACT: The landslides in İzmir region occur due to high rainfall, faulting, the presence of highly weathered volcanics as well as large-scale human activities such as road widening, foundation excavations and filling in old creek beds to form building site. All of these activities increase the vulnerability of rock masses to failure or reactivate rock and soil masses which fail due to various reasons mentioned beforehand. The Çiğli Evka-5 landslide is controlled by the faults where the sliding direction of the mass movement coincides with the dip direction of fault. Mass movement which developed on the disturbed hanging wall of the fault occurred in the type of earthflow. A trench/pocket was formed due to the geometries of the normal and reverse faults developed in agglomerate and the flysch base rocks. The relationship between the hanging wall fault pocket and the mechanism of the landslide is investigated in this work. It is also determined that the reverse fault as a geological barrier blocked a possible deep sliding in the area. It was benefitted from the rising block of the reverse fault revealing good rock mass characteristics during the decision phase of the location of proposed piles to prevent the landslide at shallow depth (8-15 m). Subsurface geotechnical investigations in the landslide area included; 12 borings (core drillings) down to 30-70 m from the ground surface, inclinometric readings in 2 borings, and pressuremeter measurements in 3 borings. Slip circle was defined on the basis of inclinometric readings, pressuremeter measurements, core descriptions (geotechnical logging), and geomorphologic structure. The location of the slip surface defined by the measurements and in-situ survey is compared with that of derived from the slope stability analyses.