ABSTRACT: The Boğsak. karst spring is at `the entrance Boğsak village, al 10 km, distance on. W of Taşucu subprovince.It has 10 m.3/s discharge in .some years and a strong saliniz.ati.on is effective on. 11 months, in per year.An aquifer model possessing many closed underground drainage areas (bowls) taking place at different elevations»which, is proposed drains their water to only one neighbouring underground, drainage area .from only one point, when thegrounwater level of the static reservoir exceeded. This new aquifer model, which, explains both the discharge of the Boğsakkarst spring and the process of the saltation,, will open new sights in to karstic hydrogeology and the generalhydrogeologic s todies.It is concluded that, trying; to prevent the encroachment, of seawater to the spring will be unsuccesfull and uneconomicin general. Therefore., leaving the spring in its own. flow condition is useful only in January and February» when it hasmaximum discharges and discharging the fresh, water by a possible production well located at 1 km distance on SW of thespring with. 250-300 m. depth, is probably the most economical and realistic solution.The- defiencies of the classical way in. the analysis of discharge of a karst spring depending on the time in decreasing periodof spring discharge are explained numerically such .as .shown in. the example of the Boğsak karst spring. One of the mostimportant defiencies in violating assumptions regarding `the relations described in. teh discharge equations, The proposedapproach and the classical approach are applied to the discharge in decreasing period. Comparison of the results shows thevalidity of the approach proposed in this study, Based on all data determined above, the total, static and dynamic rezcrves of theground water in. aquifer- have- been calculated, from the hydraulic parameters and. the dimensional properties of the aquifer.
ABSTRACT: Upper Cretaceous Ulupınar formation consisting of conglomerate, sandstone, marl and limestone is appeared, in the northwest Levent (Akçadağ-Malatya). The aim of this work. Is that to study the clastic petrofacies of sandstones,. The- poorly sorted sandstones are grey-green in colour. These sandstones are rich rock, fragments .and quartzs so thatnamed as grey wacke (Van Andel, 1958), quartz sandstone and iithic arenite (Travis, 1970) and litharenite (Folk, et al, 1.970).They contain heavy minerals such as pyroxsen, amphibol, muskovite, hiolite, chlorite and opaque minerals,.. They alsocontain clay minerals as illite, chlorite and. kaolinite. Detritic materials of Ulupınar formation represent recycled orogenprovenance and mixed provenance. Transitional provenances are recycled transitional and recycled rock, fragments.
ABSTRACT: This study is aimed to provide some new informations on the titanium content and titanium partitioning in rocks, and titanium deposits. Titanium is most abundant element in the earth`s crust .and has a strong affinity foroxygen... At the present» titanium metal and alloys are- used in the aerospace Industries as structural components stre.og.htto high, temperatures.,In the primary titanium deposits, titanium minerals such as rutile and ilmenite which have trade grade,, form as products of the crystallization of igneous magmas and as recrystallizauon products in metamorphic rocks. The behavior oftitanium In magmatic crystallization is depends on such factors as the initial titanium contents of the magma» thechemical activities-of iron, silicon, and. aluminum» the partial pressure of oxygen, and the temperature of crystallization.Rutile-bearing metamorphic rocks are generally related to hightemperature and pressure-facies rocks. Anorthositemassifs are economically important sources of titanium minerals.
ABSTRACT: This study contains RSR. classification of the.rock units of the derivation, tunnel of the Guledar darn..,The main rock, units on the- tunnel alignmet consist of limestone and the .matrix which have metadetritics and metavolcanics. Support, categories of the derivation fennel (steel rib» concrete and bolt) have been proposed by the RSR values»obtained from, parameters related to the rock classification..
ABSTRACT: The tuffs in Miocene sequence around Gördes show zeolite contents up to 80% in 2/3 of the outcroparea. Heulan.dite--elinoptilol.ite contents, in rock samples have been, calculated by the method of quantitative, x-raydiffraction with dolomite internal, standart.., This technique has been `verified, by known additions method. Standardsamples were, prepared with. 4 slides each.., Heulandite-clinoptilolite contents were obtained from the calibration line.which represents 18 standard samples and 72- points., Highest integrated peaks of heulandite-clinqptilolite and dolomite (dspacing of 3.97 Â. and. d spacing of 2.89 Â) have been used in. the calculations,. The error involved in this method, is4.35%. The method was found to be applicable to samples assaying; only more than 5% zeolite.The tuffs in. Gördes, Aynaalan., Hacialidere and Softalar Regions exhibit `the highest heulandite-clinoptilolite contentsbased, on 95 tuff samples calculated by this method, The. zeolite, contents in pumice fragments were found to exhibit40% less zeolite than the whole rock.
ABSTRACT: A layer of pyroclastic air-faE deposits of Pliocene Gölcük (İsparta) volcanism has been observed withinthe sediments of coiluvium cones which have prograded ioto the. Eğirdir lake. This layer makes easy the interpretation oflake depression.
ABSTRACT: The .Amanos Range situated near the border between Turkey and Syria along Dead, Sea "Rift is 25 km..,wide and 200 km. long,.. This region consiste of essentially Upper Cretaceous ophiolites, three phased volcanics andLower Paleozoic to Quaternary sediments,. Upper Cretaceous Kızıldağ thrusting, Tertiary basin, and range faulting haveshaped local morphology and have influenced the formation of local gold, mineralizations mostly proximal to the Antakya-Karasu .graben.Gold deposit of Kisecik is situated, on, the SE border of the Amanos range between horst .and graben,,.. A joint venture,Nerco and Yurttaşlar, has explored, the area and calculated an exploitable, reserve of 12 million tonnes, of ore with l%Cu55%As .and 4 gr/tonne Au,, in one sector. Gold is found in, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and accompanied, by hematite, sphalerite and quartz; free gold is. present in, the oxidation zone., More than, fifteen hopeful indications have been reported especially in. the borders, of the range.Favorable geological features of the Amanos range and, related, gold, mineralizations and similarities with other important mineralized, .areas, in the world indicate that large additional potential resources may exist in the Hatay region ofTurkey.
ABSTRACT: Volcanic activities ^create rhyolite and rfayodacite type of acidic volcanites together with, economic gradeof perlite deposit in. the west part of Anatolia.Thennogravimetric analyses on selected perlite samples from the deposits reveal that the volatile content in the perlitesare between %2,5-5 There are three equilibrium, stages of loss volatiles in perlitle rocks as 120 C 4.50 C° and 950 CInfrared spectrophotometer analyses indicate that, the big` amount of`the water- in perlites in present as. moleculer H2Oand rest. in. `the from of Si-OH groups. The water molecules are trapped in the crystal lattice either by weak hydrogenbonds to the anion or by weak ionic bonds to* the metal. The weak, bonded, water molecules, release `the rock at 450 C°.The small amount of remaining volatiles account for expansion, characteristic of the rock.
ABSTRACT: Derme spring that .has an average, discharge of 2.6 m3/sc is. the most important karstic discharge in Malatya.Exposed geological units .around She spring` and. its recharge basin; Permo-caıboniferous Malatya, metamorphites, CretaceousGündüzbey group, Eocene Yeşilyurt group and at `the south Eocene Maden complex,, Miocene .Kilayik group.In this area,, limestones of Malatya metanıorphites .are the most important aquifers. Derme spring discharges `throughthe lower limestone, of Malatya metamorphites at 1235 m level. Horizons of basal conglomerate and. reef limestone ofoverburden units bear water of which amounts vary with the thickness and. distrubition of the units.In this research, distribution of aquifer` limestone, its relationship with adjoining groundwater basin» amount ofannual, recharge and coefficient of aquifer recession are determined Stale Hydraulic Works (DSİ) has started to operationsbased, on. the results of this research for development of Derme spring,
ABSTRACT: Tertiary volcanism in the surroundings of Eleşkirt, a provincial, town, of Ağrı, in Eastern Anatolia,commenced at the beginning of Upper Miocene and continued till to the middle of Lower Pliocene, with three main/distinct, phases. Upper1 Miocene aged Kösedağ volcanics are. represented by dacitic lavas, tuffs and. agglomerates.. UpperMiocene, aged Sekirdağ volcani.cs are. mainly represented by andésites with subordinate trachyandesite and dacite type lavas` and pyrocla.sti.cs, Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene, aged. Karakurt volcanics are largely represented by dacites andlocally by rhyodacite, rhyolite .and andesitic lavas- interbedded with tuffs .and ignimbrites. The results of geochemical(carried out on this ttiree-distirtcit volcanic rocks) analyses indicate a subalkaline affinity with calcalkaline characteristicsand show similar chemical characteristics with that of Cascade-type cale alkaline, volcanic rock. The geochemical resultsalso indicate that the volcanic, rocks of the investigated area were, basically originated from, a crustal magma and. represents the earliest products, of the post-collisional volcanism in the Eastern Anatolia, resulting from, mantle uplifting underlying a thick, crust, that was- formed, in. a compressional regime.