Jeoloji Münendisliği Dergisi
Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi

Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi

1993 MAYIS Cilt 17 Sayı 1
COVER
View as PDF
COPYRİHT PAGE
View as PDF
CONTENTS
View as PDF
TO OUR READERS
View as PDF
Geohydrological analysis of a karst spring and its aquifer on. the example of Boğsak karst spring (Mersin-Taşucu)
Hasan Turgut Öztaş
View as PDF

ABSTRACT: The Boğsak. karst spring is at `the entrance Boğsak village, al 10 km, distance on. W of Taşucu subprovince.It has 10 m.3/s discharge in .some years and a strong saliniz.ati.on is effective on. 11 months, in per year.An aquifer model possessing many closed underground drainage areas (bowls) taking place at different elevations»which, is proposed drains their water to only one neighbouring underground, drainage area .from only one point, when thegrounwater level of the static reservoir exceeded. This new aquifer model, which, explains both the discharge of the Boğsakkarst spring and the process of the saltation,, will open new sights in to karstic hydrogeology and the generalhydrogeologic s todies.It is concluded that, trying; to prevent the encroachment, of seawater to the spring will be unsuccesfull and uneconomicin general. Therefore., leaving the spring in its own. flow condition is useful only in January and February» when it hasmaximum discharges and discharging the fresh, water by a possible production well located at 1 km distance on SW of thespring with. 250-300 m. depth, is probably the most economical and realistic solution.The- defiencies of the classical way in. the analysis of discharge of a karst spring depending on the time in decreasing periodof spring discharge are explained numerically such .as .shown in. the example of the Boğsak karst spring. One of the mostimportant defiencies in violating assumptions regarding `the relations described in. teh discharge equations, The proposedapproach and the classical approach are applied to the discharge in decreasing period. Comparison of the results shows thevalidity of the approach proposed in this study, Based on all data determined above, the total, static and dynamic rezcrves of theground water in. aquifer- have- been calculated, from the hydraulic parameters and. the dimensional properties of the aquifer.

  • Boğsak Karst Source

  • Mersin-Taşucu

  • Aquifer

  • Hydrogeological Analysis

  • Bayazıt, M. 1981, Hidrolojide istatistiksel Yöntemler, İTÜ Yayını, No., 1197,,, 224 s., İstanbul

  • Bayazıt, M. s Avcı, 1., Şen, Z, 1978, Hidroloji Uygulamaları, İTÜ Yayını, No. 1111,280 s., İstanbul

  • Birsoy, Y.K. 1982, Karstik Kaynak Boşalımı Sorunlarına Bileşik Hazne Modeli ile Yaklaşım, EÜ Yerbilimleri Fak,., 63 s., İzmir,

  • Chow, V.T.,Yevdjevich, V.M.,Dandy, D JR., Matalas, N.C. 1964, Statistical and Probability Analysis of Hydrologie Data, Handbook of Applied. Hydrology, Section 8, pp.. 8.1-8.97, McGraw-Hill Book. Comp,, USA.

  • Eroskay, S.Ö, 1980, Karst Kaynaklarının Geliştirilmesi, İÜ. Coğrafya Enst. Derg., s. 215-234, İstanbul.

  • Karanjac, J, 1977, Recession Hydrograph Analysis in Karst Aqueifers, Karst Hydrogeology SymposiumProceedings (ed. Giinay, G.,Karanjac, J. 1978), DSl-UNDP Project, TUR 77/015, Tech,. Report No.a 27, pp. 65-85, Ankara.,

  • Mijatovic, B.,. (Çev, Korkmaz, N.) 1975, Karstik Aklferlerde Boşalım Eğrisiyle Depolama Katsayısı ve Transm.issibil.ite Tayini, DSİ Gn. Md. Yayını, 10 s., Ankara

  • Öziş, Ü, 1979, Türkiye`de Karst Hidrolojisi Çalışmalarına Toplu Bakış, Birinci Ulusal. Hidroloji Kongresi, İTÜ` inşaat Fak., s. 49-63, istanbul

  • Öziş, Ü.JÜnal, E.,Harmancıoğlu, N.., Benzeden, E., 1981, Underground Storage Capacity of Darns in Karst Regions-Estimated Through Recession Hydrographs, Bull, of the Int. Assoc. of Eng., GeoL, No., 24, pp., 75-79, Germany

  • Öztaş, T. 1933, Yeraltında So Toplanmasını Denetleyen Etmenler ve Hidıojeolojik Ortamlar, Koyu. Dergisi, S... 6, s. 4-5, İstanbul*

  • Öztaş, T. 1989, Mersin-Taşucu-Boğsak Kaynağı ve Dolayının Karst Hidrojeolojisi (İTÜ Doktora Tezi)- 140. s., İstanbul.

  • Şahinci., A.,. 1976» Göksu ve Göldeğirmeni Kaynaklarının İncelenmesi (Doçentlik Tezi), E.Ü, Fen Fak. Jeoloji Kürsüsü, 75. s., İzmir.. -

  • Ünal, E. 1981» Karst Bölgelerdeki Baraj Hazinelerinin Yeraltı Biriktirme .Hacminin Oymapmar Örneğinde Alçalma Hidrografi Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi,, E,(X İnşaat Fak... Hidroloji ve Su. Yapılan Yüksek Lisans Tezi» No. 13,63 s., Izmir

  • Petrofacies characteristics of the sandstones of Ulupınar Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in the Northwest Levent (Akçadağ - Malatya)
    Orhan Özçelik Mehmet Altunsoy
    View as PDF

    ABSTRACT: Upper Cretaceous Ulupınar formation consisting of conglomerate, sandstone, marl and limestone is appeared, in the northwest Levent (Akçadağ-Malatya). The aim of this work. Is that to study the clastic petrofacies of sandstones,. The- poorly sorted sandstones are grey-green in colour. These sandstones are rich rock, fragments .and quartzs so thatnamed as grey wacke (Van Andel, 1958), quartz sandstone and iithic arenite (Travis, 1970) and litharenite (Folk, et al, 1.970).They contain heavy minerals such as pyroxsen, amphibol, muskovite, hiolite, chlorite and opaque minerals,.. They alsocontain clay minerals as illite, chlorite and. kaolinite. Detritic materials of Ulupınar formation represent recycled orogenprovenance and mixed provenance. Transitional provenances are recycled transitional and recycled rock, fragments.

  • Levent(Akçadağ-Malatya)

  • Ulupınar Formation

  • Sandstones

  • petrofacies

  • Akkuş, M. F., 1971, Pareode-Baîaban (Malatya) Havzasının jeolojik ve stratigrafik incelemesi: MTA. Derg., 76,1-60.

  • Ayan, T.,,, 1961, Malatya kuzeyindeki Hekioıhan-Ebreme Köyü bölgesinin. (K39-c3) detay jeolojisi ve petrol, imkanları: MTA. Rap., No: 4186 /Yayınlanmamış)

  • Ayan, T., ve Bulut, C.» 1964, Balaban, Yazıhan, Kurşunlu ve Levent Bucakları (Malatya) arasındaki alanın genel jeolojisi: MTA. Derg.,, 62,57-81.,

  • Dickinson, W. R., and Suczek, C. A., 1979, Plate tectonics and sandstone composition: A., A. P. G. Bull,, 63, 2164-2182

  • Dickinson, W. R., 198:2, Composition and sandstone in circum pasifle subdustion complexes and fore-arc bassins: A,., A.., P, G, Bull., 66,121-137.

  • Dickinson, W, R,, Beared, L. S., Brankenrdge, G. R., Erjavec, J. A., Ferguson, R. C, Inman, K. F,, Koepp, R. A.„ Lindberg, F, A., and Ryberg, P. T., 1983, Provenance of North American Phanerozoic sandstones in. relation to tectonic setting: Geol. Soc. Amer. Boll,, 94,222-235.

  • Dickinson, W. R., 1985, Interpreting provenance relations from detrital modes of saod.sto.oes. In: Provenance of Arenites (Ed. by G. G. Zuffa), pp. 333-361, ; NATO ASI Series C, Vol.. 148, Reidel DordrccL

  • Folk, R. L., Andrews» P. B., aod Lewis, D. W., 1970, Detrital sedimentary rock classification and nomenclature for ose New Zeland: N. Z. J. Geol, Geops, 12.

  • ilker, S., 1970, Darende dolayının jeolojisi ve petrol imkanları: TPAO Rap. No: 499 (Yayınlanmamış).

  • Karacabey-Öztemür, N., 1980, Two new genera of Radiolitidae (Balabanla IL geo. Kurtinia IL gen.) from Turkey: TJK BiilL, 23/1,79-87,

  • Örçeıı, S., 1986» Medik-Ebreme dolayının biyostratigcafisi ve paleontolojisi: MTA Derg., 105/106,» 36-69

  • Özçelik, Ov, ve Altunsoy, M., 1991, Levent (AkçadağMalatya) kuzeybatısının stratigrafik özellikleri: C.0, Müh.-Fak. Derg., Yerbilimleri, C. 8, S. 1,47-61,

  • Travis, R. D., 1970, Nomenclature for sedimentary rock: A. A. P, G... Bull., 54,1095-1107.,

  • Van Aodel, T, J. H«, 1958, Origin aod classification of Cretaceous» Pal eocene and Eocene sandstone of Western Venezuela: A. A. P. G. Bull., 42,734-763,

  • Titanium mineral deposits, titanium contents and titanium partitioning in rocks
    Ali Haydar Gültekin
    View as PDF

    ABSTRACT: This study is aimed to provide some new informations on the titanium content and titanium partitioning in rocks, and titanium deposits. Titanium is most abundant element in the earth`s crust .and has a strong affinity foroxygen... At the present» titanium metal and alloys are- used in the aerospace Industries as structural components stre.og.htto high, temperatures.,In the primary titanium deposits, titanium minerals such as rutile and ilmenite which have trade grade,, form as products of the crystallization of igneous magmas and as recrystallizauon products in metamorphic rocks. The behavior oftitanium In magmatic crystallization is depends on such factors as the initial titanium contents of the magma» thechemical activities-of iron, silicon, and. aluminum» the partial pressure of oxygen, and the temperature of crystallization.Rutile-bearing metamorphic rocks are generally related to hightemperature and pressure-facies rocks. Anorthositemassifs are economically important sources of titanium minerals. 

  • Titanyum

  • Mineral Deposits

  • Element

  • Metamorphic Rocks

  • .Arda» O.» 1.972, Adana`nın Osmaniye-Yarpuz-Kaynak Havalisindeki Serpantinitlerin Kompozisyon -ve Orjinleıinin Araştırılması ve Sınıflandırılması, M. T. A. Dergisi, Sayı: 78, Sayfa: 36-43

  • Ayan., M.,, 1959, Contribution a L`étude Petragraptiique et Géologique de la Région Située a`Nord-Est de Kaman (Turquie) Tome I-II, Doktora. Tezi, p.44O

  • Aydın» Y,, 1974,, Elude Peîrographiqoe et Geochimique de la. Parie Centrale de Massif d`Tsttanca !(Turqııie) Doktora Tezi, 130 sayfa.

  • Aykol, A.,,, 1979. Kırklareli-Demirköy Sokulumunun Petroloji ve Jeokimyası, t. T., Ü. Maden Fak.,., Doçentlik `Tezi, 204 sayfa

  • Baş, H, ve diğ. 1986, Ulukışla-Çamaıdı (Niğde) Volkan.itlerinin Bazı Petrolojik ve Jeokimyasal Özellikleri.» Jeoloji Mühendisliği, Sayı: 26, Sayfa: 37-34,

  • Bayhan, H., 1988, Bayındır (Kaman) Yöresindeki Alkali Kayaçlann Jeokimyası ve Kökensel Yorumu, Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, C. 31, Sayfa: 59-70

  • Balom, L, 1978, Nevşehir Güneybatısındaki Göllüdağ ve Acıgöl Yöresi Volkanitlerinin Jeolojisi ve Petrografisi, Yerbilimleri.,, Sayı: 4,, 1-2,,

  • Best,, J. L„, Bratshaw, A. C, 1985, .Flow Separation-A Physical Process For The Concentration of Heavy Minerals Within Alluvial Channels, J,. GeoL Soc. London, Vol. 1.42, pp. 347-375.

  • Blake, ML C. and Morgan, B. A,, 1976, Rutile and Sphene .in Blueschist and Related High-Pressure-Facies Rocks, Geological. Survey Professional, paper 959. C1-C6

  • Boehm, G. A. W., 1949, Titanium: A New Metal, Scientific American, pp.258 1-6.

  • Boztuğ, D. ve Yılmaz, O., 1983, Büyükçağ-Elmaüçağ Granitoyidi (Kastamonu) ve- Çevre Kayaçlannın Mneralojik-Petrografik ve Jeoki.myas.al İncelenmesi, Yerbilimim Dergisi, Sayı: 10,, Sayfa: 71-39.

  • Buddington, A,.. F., and Lin.dsl.ey, D. H., 1964, IronTitanium Oxide Minerals .and Synthetic Equivalents, Journal of Petrology, Vol. 5, Part. 2, pp. 310-357

  • Bürküt, Y., 1966, Kuzeybatı Anadolu`da Yeraian Plitonlann Mukayeseli Jeoetik Etüdü. 1. T. Ü., doktora Tezi, 272 sayfa.

  • Bürküt, Y., 1977,» Orta ve .Para Gnayslarda. Li, Rb, Cs ve Srr un Dağılımı ve Bazı Petrolojik Sonuçlar» L. T. Ü., Maden. .Fak... 68 sayfa,.

  • C&mdan, O.,, 1988, Demirci-Borlu .Arasında Kalan Yörenin (Menderes Masifi Kuzey .Kanadı) Petrografisi, Petrolojisi ve Mineralojisi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Doktora Tez

  • Çağafây, A., 1979, Hakkari-Çukurca-Taşbaşı Fosil Plaser Zuhuru ve İçinde- Gözlenen Prekambriyen Yaşta Ultrabazik Kayaç İzleri, Jeoloji Mühendisliği, Mayıs sayısı. Sayfa: 15-22,.

  • Çapan, U. Z., 1.981, Toros Kuşağına Ait Beş Ofiyolit Masifinde (Marmaris, Mersin, Pozantı, Pınarbaşı, Divriği) Major Element Analizlerinin İstatistiksel Yorumu: L Ortalama .Değerlerin Karşılaştırılması. Yerbilimleri, Sayı: 7

  • Çoban,,, F., 1988, Batı. Karadeniz Bölgesinde Üst Kretase Yaşlı .Akçakoca Volkanitlerinin Petrokimyasal Özellikleri, Jeoloji Mühendisliği, Sayı: 16, Sayfa: 43-48...

  • Çoğulu, E., 1975, Gümüşhane Ye Rize Bölgelerinde Petrolojik. ¥e Jeokronometrik araştırmalar, L T.. Ü. Kütüphanesi, No. ..1034

  • Dachille, R and Others, 1968, Pressure-Temperature Studies of Anatase, Brookite Rutile and T.İO2-II. The American Mineralogist, Vol., 53, pp. 1229-1939.

  • Dağ, N., 1988, Gördes Pegmatoidlerinin .Mineralojik ve Jeokimyasal İncelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi, 142 Sayfa.

  • Dickson, T., 1986, Turkey`s Minerals, Industrial Minerals, No. 227.

  • Duchesne, J., 1972., Iron-Titanium Oxide Minerals in the Bjerkrem-Sognal Massif, South-Western Norway; Journal of Petrology. Vol. 13, Part. l,pp. 57-31

  • Ercan, T. ve diğ,, 1978-, Uşak Yöresindeki Neojen Havzaların Jeolojisi. T. J. K. Bülteni, Sayı: 21/2,

  • Ercan, T. ve diğ., 1979, Uşak Volkanitierinin Petrolojîsi ve Plaka Tektoniği. Açısından Ege Bölgesindeki Yeri, T. J. K. Bülteni, 22/2, Sayfa: 185-198

  • Ercan, T,, ve dig., 1985, Batı Anadolu Senozoyik Volkanitlerine .Ait Yeni Kimyasal, İzotopik ve Radyometrik Verilerin Yorumu, T.. J. K. Bülteni, Cilt., 28, Sayı: 2, Sayfa: 121-136..

  • Ercan., T. ve dig., 1990, Balıkesir-Bandırma Arasının Jeolojisi, Tersiyer Volkanizmasmın Petrolojîsi ve Bölgesel. Yayılunı, M. T. A... Dergisi Sayı: 110, Sayfa: 113-130

  • Ercan, T,, ve Türkecan, A., 1984, Batı Anadolu-Ege Adaları-Yunanistan ve Bulgaristan`daki Plütonlann Gözden Geçirilişi, T. J. K,, Ketin Simpozyumu, Sayfa: 1.89-20«..

  • Erdoğan, B., 1990, lzm.ir-Aok.ara Zonu ile Karaburun Kuşağının Tektonik. İlişkisi, M. T. A. Dergisi, Sayı: 110, Sayfa: 1-1.5..

  • Eren, R. B..., 1979, Kastamonu-Taşköprü Bölgesi Metamorfiüerinin Jeolojik ve Petrografik Etüdü, L T. Ü. Doktora Tezi.

  • Erkan, Y., 1975,, Orta Anadolu Masifinin Güneybatısında (Kırşehir Bölgesi) Etkili Rejyonal Mctamorfizmanın Petrolojik İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Sayfa: 149

  • Espenshade, G.., 1973, Kyanite an.d Related Minerals, U, S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, 820, pp. 304-312.

  • Evirgen, M. M., 1979» Menderes Masifi Metamorfizmasına Petroİoji, Petrokimya ve Jenez Açısından Yaklaşımlar (Ödemiş-Tire-Bayındır-Turguüu Yöresi) H, Üniversitesi, Doktora. Tezi

  • Force, E. R.., 1.976 a. Titanium Contents and Titanium Portitioning in Rocks, Geological Survey Professional paper, 959, Al-Ag

  • Force, E. R., 1.976 b, Titanium Minerals in Deposits of Other Minerals, Geological Survey Professional Paper, 959, F1-F14.

  • Force, E. R., 1976 c, Metamoiphic Source Rocks of Titanium. Placer Deposits- -A. Geochemical. Cycle, Geological. Survey Professional Paper, 1959, B6-B13

  • Force, E. R,, 1980, The Provenance of Rutil, Journal of Sedimantary Petrology, Vol. 50, No, 2, pp. 485-488

  • Gallagher, M.. J,., 1974, Rutile and Zircon in. North Umbrian Beach Sands.,, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Bulletin, No,. 81.3, pp.. B97-98.

  • Gedikoğlu, A. ve dig,., 1935, Boşu Karadeniz Cevherleşmesine bir örnek: Ocaklı (* açka-Trabzon) .Manganez Zuhuru. Jeoloji Mühend `p., Sayı: 25, Sayfa: 23-38,.,

  • Genç, S., 1990, Bitlis Masifi, Çökekyazı-Gökyay (Hizan, Bitlis) Yöresi Metamorfitlerinin Petrografisi, Metamorfizması ve Kökeni T. J. K, Bülteni, Cilt. 38, Sayı: 2, Sayfa: 1-14

  • Gjclsvik, T., 1957, Geochemical and Mineralogical Investigation of Ti-Taniferous Iron Ores, West Coast of Norway, Economic Geology, Vol. 52, pp. 482-498

  • Goldsmith, R,, Force, E. R., 1978, Mineral Deposita, 13, pp., 329-343.

  • Göncü, N... s 1986, Titanyum Mineralleri ve Geleceği, Yeryuvarı ve İnsan, Cilt. 1.1, Sayı: 4, Sayfa: 3-7.

  • Gültekin, A. H., 1989 a, Titanyum. Yatakları ve Türkiye`nin.`Potansiyeli, Maden dergisi.» Yıl. 1, Sayı: 3, Sayfa: 11-13.

  • Gültekin, A. H.., 1986` b, Metamorfik Kayaçlarda Titanyumun Dağılımı, I, T. Ü. Dergisi,, Cilt. 47, Sayı: 2

  • Gültekin, A. îL, 1990, Menderes Masifi (Çiniyeri-Küre Bölgesi) Plaser Rutil Yalakları,, İ. T... Ü. Fen Bilimleri EnsL, Doktora Tezi, Sayfa: 256.

  • Gültekin, A. H.,, 1991 a. Titanyum Endüstriyel Önemi, Maden Dergisi,,, Eylül Sayısı, Sayfa: 12

  • Gültekin,, A.,. H., 1991 b, Dünya Alüvyal Altın Plaseden, I, T. Ü. Dergisi Cilt 49. Sayı: 2, Sayfa: 30-39,

  • Giiltekin, A, H.,, 1991 c, Çiniyeri-Küre (Tire) Sahasındaki Fülival Sedimanlann Ağır Mineralleri.,, Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, C. 34, Sayfa: 73-83*

  • Gültekin, A. H., 1992, Çiniyeri-Küre Bölgesi (Menderes .Masifi) Metamarfik Kayalarında Rutilin Kökeni ve Fluviyal Sedimanlann Rutil İçeriği,, Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, Cilt. 35, Sayı: 1.

  • Herz, N., 1976 a,, Titanium deposits in Anorthosite Massifs, Geological Survey Professional Paper» 959, Dl6.,

  • Herz, N., 1976 b, Titanium Deposits in Alkalie Igneous Rocks, Geological Survey Professional Pap«,, 959,, E1-E6

  • İzdar, E..,,, 1968, Kozak tntrusif Masifi. Petrolojîsi ve Paleozoyik Çevre Kayaçlan ile Jeolojik3ağlanblaıı, T. J. K. Bülteni, XVI-2.`

  • Innocenti, F., et al., 1975, The- Neogene. Calcalkaline Volc.anism of Central. Anatolia: Geochronological Data on Kayseri-Niğde .Area.., Geol. Mag.,,, 11.2/4, pp. 349-360.,

  • Jarnieson, J.., C, and. Olinger, B., 1969, PressureTemperature Studies of Anatase, Brookite, Rutile and TİÖ2 (H): A Discussion, the American Mineralogist, Vol.54, pp., 1477-1481

  • Kartasjhov, I. P., 1971, Geological Features of Alluvial Placers, Economic Geology, Vol. 66, pp., 870-885,

  • Kelin, L, 1983, Türkiye Jeolojisine Genel Bir Bakış, t. T. O. Maden Fak. Sayı: 1.259, Sayfa: 595

  • Kibici, Y,, 1990, Sarıcakaya (Eskişehir) Volkanitierinin Petrolojisi ve Kökensel Yorumu. T. J. K. Bülteni, Cilt. 33, Sayı: 2, Sayfa: 69-78.

  • Klemic and Others, 1976, Titanium» Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, 820, pp. 653-665.

  • Kwak, A.. P., 1968, Ti in Biotite and Muscovite as >an Indication, of Metamorphic Grade In Almandine Amphibolite Facies Rocks From Sudbury Ontario, Geochiinica et Cosmoehimlca Acta, Vol., 32, pp., 1222-1229.

  • Lambert» R. J., et al. 1974, Chemical Petrology of a Suite of Calcaline Lavas From Mount Ararat, Turkey, Jour., of Geologiy, Vol. 82, pp. 419-438,

  • Lee, T. and Yao, C, 1970, Abuodan.ee of Chemical Elements in the Earth`s Crust and its Major Tectonic Unte: Internal. Geology Rev. V.12, pp. 778-786

  • Lister, G. F,, 1966, The Composition and Origin of Selected Iron-Titanium Deposits, Economic Geology, VoL 61,1^275-310

  • Marsh, S., and Sheridan,, D. M., 1976, Rutile in Precambrian Sillimanite-Quartz Gneiss and Related Rocks,. East-Central Front Range, Colorado, Geological Survey Professional Paper, 959,.. G1-G17.

  • Minard, J`., P, and Other, 1976,, Alluvial tlmenite Placer Deposits, Central Virginia, Geological. Survey Professional Paper,, 959-H.

  • M., T. A,., Dergisi, 1966`, Ağır ve Nadir Mineraller ve Kıymetli Mineraller Arama Projesi, Mo: 4636

  • Nuhoğlu, L» 1988,. Çavdar-Demirtepe (Söke-Aydın) Demir Yatağının Petrokimyasal İncelenmesi, T. J. K. Bülteni, Cilt., 31, Sayı: 2, s. 37-50.

  • Önen, A. P. ve Onan, Ç., 1.988, Kaman (Kırşehir) Kuzeydoğusunda Bulunan Gabroların Mineralojisi, Petrografisi, T. J. K. Bülteni, Cilt. 31, Sayfa: 23-28.

  • Örgün, Y. s 1.992, Orhaneli Bölgesi Ultrabazikierinin Kimyasal Özellikleri. LTÜ Dergisi, (Yayınlanacak).

  • Özpeker, I..,, 1973, Nemrut Yanardağının Volkanolojik İncelenmesi., Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik .Araştırma. Kurıımo, Temel Bilimler Araştırma Grubu, ftoje No: TBAG-83, Sayfa: 68.

  • Özkoçak, O.» 1969, Elude Ge`ologique du. Massif Ultrabasique d`Qrhandi et de Sa Pioche Bordure, These,, Univ. Paris,. 181 p.

  • Pişkin, Q,, 1979,, Kadikalesi-Giıelbelen (Torgutreis-Muğla) Pb-Zn-Cu Cevherleşmelerinin Mineraloj.ik-Jen.etik incelenmesi» Doçentlik Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi.

  • Pettijohn, F. J., 1941,, Persistence of Heavy Minerals and Geologic Age, The Journal of Geology, VoL XLIX., No. 1, pp., 610-625

  • Reid, L, and Frostck, L,., E., 1985, Role Setting Entrainment and Dispersive Equivalence and Interstic Trapping in Placer Formation,. J. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. 142, pp., 739-746.

  • Savaşçın, Y., 1.794, Batı Anadolu`da Andezit ve Bazalt. Jenezi Sonınuna Katkıları, TJ.K,.Bülteni,, Sayı: 1.211.

  • Schulung, R. D,., and Vink, B. W,.,,, 1.967,,, Stability Relations of Some Titanium-Minerals (Sphene, Perovsfcite, Rutile» Anatase), Geochemica et cosmochimi Acla, VoL 31, pp. 2399-2411.

  • Schulung, R. D., 1962,, Türkiye`nin Güneybatısındaki Menderes Migmatit Kompleksinin Petrolqjisi, Yaşı ve Yapısı Hakkında» M. T. A. Dergisi, Sayı: 58,,, Sayfa: 71-33.,

  • Scott,, P, W,, 1977, Titanium in Aegirines-a Comment On: Crystallizations Trends of Pyroxenes From The Alcaline Volcanic Rocks of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 41, pp. 553-554

  • Sh.an.non, R. D., and Pari, J, A.., 1964, Topotaxy in the Anatase-Rutile Transformation, the American Mineralogist, Vol. 49...

  • Smirnov, W. I... aod Other, 1933, Studies of Mineral Deposit, Moscow, pp. 50-59.

  • Solmaz, O.., M., 1983,, Çukur (Kayseri) Bölgesi Siyenitik Kompleksinin Petrolojik Etüdü. L T,. Ü. Doktora Tezi, Sayfa: 85

  • Stamper, J.W.,, 1965, Titanium, Mineral Fact and Problems, Buletin 630, pp. 970-990...

  • Tanyolu, E,., 1979, Marmara Adası Metamorfîk Serilerinin. Petrolojik Etüdü, Z. D. M. M. A. Maden. Bölümü, Doktora Tezi.

  • Tanket, A., 1990, Ankara Ofiyolit Melanj Kuşağı İçindeki Ofîyolitik Kayaçlann Tektonik Oluşum Ortamlarına Jeokimyasal Bir Yaklaşım, M. T.. A. Dergisi, Sayı: 110, Sayfa: 17-28.

  • Tankut, A., ve Sayın N. M,.., 1990, Ediğe Ofiyolit Kütlesindeki Mineral. Fazları,., M. T,.. A.., Dergisi., Sayı: 110, Sayfa: 97-111.

  • Tokei, S., 1977, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde Eosen Yaşlı Kalk-Alkalen Andezitler ve Jeotektonizma, T. L K. Bülteni 20/L Sayfa: 49-54,

  • Tourtelot, H, A.,,, 1968, Hydraulic Equivalence of Grains of Quartz and Heavier- Minerals and Implications for the Study of Placers. U. S. Geol. Survey Profess, Paper, 594-F, pp. F1-F13

  • Uncugil, G,, 1969, Küçük. Menderes Nehri Alüvyonlarıoda Titanla İlgili Ağır Minerallerin. Alüvyoner Prospeksiyon Raporu,. M,., T. A. Raporu, No: 8653, Sayfa: 6,

  • Uz, B., 1973, Les .Formation Métamorphiques et Granitiques du Massif Ancien d`Akdag (Simav-Turquie) et Leur Con.vertu.res Volcano-Sedimentaire. Tome, I-II, Doktora. Tezi. *

  • Williams, S, A., and Cesbron, F. P. 1977, Rutile and Apatite: Use Fui Prospecting Guides for Porphyry Copper Deposits., Mineralogical. Magazine,, Vol. 41, pp... 288-292

  • Yılmaz, Y,.., 1984, Türkiye`nin Jeolojik Tarihinde Mağmatik. Etkinlik ve Tektonik. Evrimle İlişkisi, Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu., Ketin Simpozyumu, Sayfa: 63-81.

  • Selecting the support categories with the RSR method of the Güledar dérivation. tunnel
    Hasan Aydin Özsan
    View as PDF

    ABSTRACT: This study contains RSR. classification of the.rock units of the derivation, tunnel of the Guledar darn..,The main rock, •units on the- tunnel alignmet consist of limestone and the .matrix which have metadetritics and metavolcanics. Support, categories of the derivation fennel (steel rib» concrete and bolt) have been proposed by the RSR values»obtained from, parameters related to the rock classification..

  • Güledar Diversion Tunnel

  • RSR Metod

  • Rock

  • Limestone Outcrops

  • Özsan, A., 1.993, Güledar barajı derivasyon tünel güzergahındaki (Çubuk, Ankara) kaya birimlerinin • mühendislik jeolojisi incelemesi: Türkiye Jeol. .BülL, 36/1/75-82.

  • Wickham, G. E., Tiedeman, H, R., and Skinner, E,. H., 1.972, Support determination, based on. geologic predictions: .Proceedings, Rapid, excavation tunneling conference, American Institution of mining engineers, pp, 43-47.

  • Wickham, G. E., Tiedeman, H. R.t and Skinner, E. H. 1.974,.,, Ground sopport prediction model-RSR concept: Proceedings» Rapid excavation tunneling conference, American Institution of mining engineers,, Newyork.pp 691-707.

  • Quantitative analysis of Heıılandites-CIinoptilolites in Zeolite containing tuffs from. Gördes region by X-Ray Diffraction
    Recep Fahri Esenli
    View as PDF

    ABSTRACT: The tuffs in Miocene sequence around Gördes show zeolite contents up to 80% in 2/3 of the outcroparea. Heulan.dite--elinoptilol.ite contents, in rock samples have been, calculated by the method of quantitative, x-raydiffraction with dolomite internal, standart.., This technique has been `verified, by known additions method. Standardsamples were, prepared with. 4 slides each.., Heulandite-clinoptilolite contents were obtained from the calibration line.which represents 18 standard samples and 72- points., Highest integrated peaks of heulandite-clinqptilolite and dolomite (dspacing of 3.97 Â. and. d spacing of 2.89 Â) have been used in. the calculations,. The error involved in this method, is4.35%. The method was found to be applicable to samples assaying; only more than 5% zeolite.The tuffs in. Gördes, Aynaalan., Hacialidere and Softalar Regions exhibit `the highest heulandite-clinoptilolite contentsbased, on 95 tuff samples calculated by this method, The. zeolite, contents in pumice fragments were found to exhibit40% less zeolite than the whole rock.

  • Gördes

  • Zeolite Tuff

  • Hoylondit-Klinoptilolit

  • X-Rays Difraksiyonu

  • Brindley, G. W., 1980ı, Quantitative X-Ray Mineral. Analysis of Clays. Mineral. Soc., Monograph, No. 5, Edited, by G. W. Brindley .and G. Brown. Chapter 7, p. 411- 439

  • Chung, F. BL, 1974,, Quantitative Interpretation of X-Ray Diffraction. Patterns. 1.. Matrix-Rushing Method of Quantitative Multicomponet Analysis. J. Appl. Cryst.7,,p.519-525.

  • Cosgrove, M. E., Sulaman, A. M., 1973, Rapid Method for `the Determination of Quartz in. Sedipentary Rocks by X-Ray Diffraction. Clay Minerals 10, p. 51-55

  • Davis, B. L., Walawender, ML J., 1982,, Quantitative Mineralogie^ Analysis of Granitoid Rocks,., A Comparison of X-Ray and Optical Techniques. .Amer. Mineral.. 67, p. 1135-1143

  • Esenli,, F.,, 1992, Gördes Çevresindeki Neojen. Serilerin ve Zeolitleşmeııin Jeolojik» Mineralojik ve Jeokimyasal İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, î. T. Ü. Fen. Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 210 s, yayınlanmamış.

  • Esenli, F., Özpeker, I., 1993, Gördes Çevresindeki Neojen Havzanın Zeolitik Diyajenezi ve HoylanditKlinoptüolitlerin Mineralojisi. 46, T.. L Kurultayı Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, s. 63,15-19 Şubat, Ankara

  • Hay, R. L,,, 1981, Geology of Zeolites in Sedimentary Rocks. Reviews in. `Mineralogy, V. 4, p, 53-64

  • Klug, H. P., Alexander, L. E.., 1954, X-Ray Diffraction Procedures for Polycrystalline and Amorphous Materials. John Wiley and. Sons., New York.

  • Maniar, P. D., Cooke, G, A.,,, 1987,, Modal Analysis of Granitoids by Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction,. Amer. Mineral,.,, 72, p. 433-437

  • Moore, A.., C, 1969s .» A Method for Determining: Mineral Compositions by Measurement of the Mass Absorption. Coefficient. The Amer.., Mineralogist. V. 54, p. 1180-1189.

  • Parker, R. I,..,, 1978.» Quantitative Determination of Analcime in Pumice Samples by X-Ray Diffraction. Mineral Mag. 42, p. 103-106,

  • Pawloski, G. A., 1985» Quantitative Determination of Mineral Content of Geological. Samples by X-Ray Diffraction. Amer. Mineral., 70; p. 663-667

  • Sheppard, R, A., Gude, A,. J., 1968, Distribution and Genesis of Authigenic Silicate Minerals in Tuffs of Pleistocene Lake Tecopa Inyo County, California. U. S. Geol... Surv. Prof. Pap., 597.38 p

  • Sheppard» R. A,, Go.de,, A. J,., 1973, Zeolites and Associated Authigenic Silicate Minerals in Tuffaceous Rock of the Big Sandy Formation, Mohave County, Arizona. U. S. Geol. Surv., Pro! Pap. 83, 36 p.,

  • Snyder, K... L,,, Bish, D. L.9 1989, Quantitative Phase Analysis by X-Ray Powder Diffraction. Reviews in Mineralogy, V., 20, p. 101-143.

  • Surdam, R. C, 1.981,,, Zeolites in Closed Hydrologie Systems,.. Reviews in Mineralogy, V. 4, p. 65-91.

  • Zevin, L. S., 1977, A Method of Quantitative Phase Analysis Without Standarts... Journal of Appl. Cryst. 10, p., 147-150.

  • An observation on the formation time of Lake Eğirdir depression
    Nizamettin Kazanci
    View as PDF

    ABSTRACT: A layer of pyroclastic air-faE deposits of Pliocene Gölcük (İsparta) volcanism has been observed withinthe sediments of coiluvium cones which have prograded ioto the. Eğirdir lake. This layer makes easy the interpretation oflake depression.

  • Eğirdir Lake Dish

  • Formation Time

  • Isparta

  • Topographic Concavity

  • Alagßz, CA., 1944, Türkiye`de karst olayları hakkında bir .araştırma, Türkiye Coğrafya Kurumu. Yayını, no 1, 95 s,, .Ankara..

  • Ardel, A., 1951, Göller bölgesinde morfolojik müşahadeler L ist., Coğrafya Enst. Dergisi, 2,, 1-19

  • Erol, O., 1.969, Tuzgölü Havzasının jeolojisi ve jeomorfolojisi., T...B.T.A.K. Araştırma Projesi Rap., no TBAG-26,336 s. Ankara..

  • Erol,, O., 1984, Geomorphology and neolectonies of the pluvial lake basins in the Taurus Belt and south central Anatolia. Geology of the Taurus Belt (Eds. O. Tekeli ve C, Göncüoğlu) da, MTA .Matbaası, 119-124, Ankara.,

  • İnandık, H.- 1965, Türkiye gölleri., İÜ. Coğrafya Enst. Yay,, no., 44,214 s., Istanbul..

  • Gold deposits and occurences of the Amanos mountain range in the basin, and range structure of Hatay
    Mehmet Orhan Özkoçak
    View as PDF

    ABSTRACT: The .Amanos Range situated near the border between Turkey and Syria along Dead, Sea "Rift is 25 km..,wide and 200 km. long,.. This region consiste of essentially Upper Cretaceous ophiolites, three phased volcanics andLower Paleozoic to Quaternary sediments,. Upper Cretaceous Kızıldağ thrusting, Tertiary basin, and range faulting haveshaped local morphology and have influenced the formation of local gold, mineralizations mostly proximal to the Antakya-Karasu .graben.Gold deposit of Kisecik is situated, on, the SE border of the Amanos range between horst .and graben,,.. A joint venture,Nerco and Yurttaşlar, has explored, the area and calculated an exploitable, reserve of 12 million tonnes, of ore with l%Cu55%As .and 4 gr/tonne Au,, in one sector. Gold is found in, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and accompanied, by hematite, sphalerite and quartz; free gold is. present in, the oxidation zone., More than, fifteen hopeful indications have been reported especially in. the borders, of the range.Favorable geological features of the Amanos range and, related, gold, mineralizations and similarities with other important mineralized, .areas, in the world indicate that large additional potential resources may exist in the Hatay region ofTurkey. 

  • Hatay

  • Amanos mountains

  • Horst ve Graben Structure

  • Gold Bearings and Their Appearance

  • Asl.an.er, M., 1973, İskendenın-Kırıkhan sahasındaki ofiyolitlerin jeoloji ve petrografisi. MTA No: 150, Ankara 1973.

  • Atan,OJR.t 1969, Eğribucak-Karacaöıen (Hassa}-CeyianlıDazevleri (Kınkhan) arasıdaki Amanos dağlarının jeolojisi. Thesis Ph. D.,, MTA Pübl. No: 139.

  • Delaloye, M., De Souza, H., Wagner, J.-J, and Hedley, L, 1980 b, Isotopic ages on ophiolites from, the eastern Mediterranean.., In: A. Panayiotou. (Ed.), Öphiolites, Proc. Intern. Ophiolite Symp., Cyprus 1979, p. 292- 295

  • Delaloye, M., and Wagner, J.-J., 19&. Ophiolites and volcanic activity near the western edge of `the Arabian Plate. IN: J... E. Dixon and A. H. F. Robertson (Eds.), The geological evolution, of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geol. Soc. London, Spec, PubL, 17: 225-233,.

  • Janetzko, P.,,,, 1972, Untersuchungen .an der Qstflanke des südl. Amanos-Gebirges-GeotekL Forsch..,, 42:3-33.

  • Parrot» J.., F., 1974, Les différentes manifestations efftısives de la région opbiolitique du .Baër-Bassit `(Nordouest de la Syrie): Comparaison pétrographique et géochimique. C. R. Acad. Sei., Paris, D., p. 279,630.

  • Parrot» J. F., 1977, Assemblage ophiolitique du BaërBassit et termes effiisifs du volcano-sédimantaire. Pétrologie d`un fragment, de la. croûte océanique, charriée sur la plateforme syrienne. Trav. et Doc.

  • Pişkin, Ô..,5 Delaloye, M., Selçuk,, H,, and Wagner,, J.-J., 1986, Guide to Halay Geology (SE TURKEY). Ofioliti. Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche. BoUettino Del Groppo di Lavoro Solle öfîollti. Méditerranée. V, 11- N. 2 Agosto 1986

  • Selçuk, H., 1981,. Etude Géologique de la partie méridionale du. Hatay (Turquie)., Thesis No. 1997, Ph. D. (publ.). Univ. de Geneve 116 p.

  • Sinewing,, J. D., 197,5,. Metamorphi&m. of the Troodos massif, Cyprus. Unpubl. Ph.. D, Thesis, Open University, 267 p

  • Yıldız, B.,, 1991,. Oral Communications. Geophycal Engineer of Yurttaşlar Mining Co., Kayseri (Sözlü, beyan. Yurttaşlar Madencilik Şirketinin Jeolojisi-Jeofizik Mühendisi)

  • Türkiye`nin Bilinen. Maden, ve Mineral Kaynaklan. MTA Yayınlarından No.., 185, Ankara, 1989. Hazırlayan Necdet Erseçen.

  • Chemical structure of water in perlites and its effect to expansion characteristic
    İsmet Özgenç
    View as PDF

    ABSTRACT: Volcanic activities ^create rhyolite and rfayodacite type of acidic volcanites together with, economic gradeof perlite deposit in. the west part of Anatolia.Thennogravimetric analyses on selected perlite samples from the deposits reveal that the volatile content in the perlitesare between %2,5-5„ There are three equilibrium, stages of loss volatiles in perlitle rocks as 120 C 4.50 C° and 950 CInfrared spectrophotometer analyses indicate that, the big` amount of`the water- in perlites in present as. moleculer H2Oand rest. in. `the from of Si-OH groups. The water molecules are trapped in the crystal lattice either by weak hydrogenbonds to the anion or by weak ionic bonds to* the metal. The weak, bonded, water molecules, release `the rock at 450 C°.The small amount of remaining volatiles account for expansion, characteristic of the rock. 

  • Perlites

  • Of water Chemical Structure

  • Expansion Property

  • Volcanism

  • Kadey, F. L. 1963, Pétrographie techniques in perlite evaluation: Trans. Aime, v. 226, Min. Eng. No. 3, pp. 332-336.

  • Keller, W. D,., Piekett, E. E. 1954, Hydraxyl and. water from Superior, Arizona: Am.. Jour,.. Sei. v, 252, pp. 87-98

  • Keller, W. D., Spotts,, J. H., Biggs, D. L. 1.952, Infrared spectra of some rock, forming minerals: Am,. Jour., Sei v. 250, pp. 453-471.

  • King, G. E., Todd, S. S., Kelley, K. K. 1.948, Perlite, thermal data and energy required for expansion: U, S. Bur,. Mines. RepL Inv No. 4394, pp., 1-1,5.

  • Leineweber, J.., P. 1961,, The drying of perlite: Johns Manville Research DeptRepL No. 412-7749,,, 25 p

  • Nakamoto, K. 1970, Infrared spectra of Inorganic and coordinate compounds: 2nd. Ed. Wiley Interscience, New York, 338 p

  • Özgenç, 1. 1978,,, İzmir bölgesi perlit yataklarının jeolojisi ve petrolojisi, perlitlerin fiziksel,, kimyasal ve `" genleşme özellikleri: E. Ü. Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Doktora Tezi (Yayınlanmamış), 190 s, İzmi

  • Weber, R. H. 1955, Proocessing perlite, the technologic problems: Min. Eng, Feb.. 1955, pp. 174-176.

  • Derme karst spring and development
    Ayten Önal
    View as PDF

    ABSTRACT: Derme spring that .has an average, discharge of 2.6 m3/sc is. the most important karstic discharge in Malatya.Exposed geological units .around She spring` and. its recharge basin; Permo-caıboniferous Malatya, metamorphites, CretaceousGündüzbey group, Eocene Yeşilyurt group and at `the south Eocene Maden complex,, Miocene .Kilayik group.In this area,, limestones of Malatya metanıorphites .are the most important aquifers. Derme spring discharges `throughthe lower limestone, of Malatya metamorphites at 1235 m level. Horizons of basal conglomerate and. reef limestone ofoverburden units bear water of which amounts vary with the thickness and. distrubition of the units.In this research, distribution of aquifer` limestone, its relationship with adjoining groundwater basin» amount ofannual, recharge and coefficient of aquifer recession are determined Stale Hydraulic Works (DSİ) has started to operationsbased, on. the results of this research for development of Derme spring,

  • Derme Karst Source

  • Feeding Area

  • Metamorphit

  • Aquifer

  • AHMET,, Ş., 1985,, Malatya Çat barajının Jeolojisi ve Mühendislik Jeolojisi., 1,Ü. Fen Bilimleri Ens, Yük,. Lisans Tezi

  • EROSKAY, S.O., 1978,» Kocaeli yarımadası güneyindeki kîreçtaşlannın Hidrojeolojisi ve Karsı parametrelerinin analizi. TÜBİTAK TBAG-124 projesi.

  • EROSKAY, S.,O.,, 1980, Karst kaynaklarının geliştirilmesi. l.Ü. Coğrafya. Ens,.. Dergisi, Sayı 23

  • GÖZÜBOL, AJVL, ÖNAL, M., 1986, Çat Barajı isale tünelinin Mühendislik Jeolojisi ve .kaya mekaniği incelemesi. Malatya Çelikfaan alanının Jeolojisi., TÜBİTAK TB AG-647 projesi, .Ankara

  • GÜLENBAY, A., 1984, Çat Barajı Karst Hidrojeolojisi etüd rapora.,. DSİ, Ankara

  • INTERNATIONAL Seminar on Karst Hydrogeology. Editor Dr. G. Giînay. DSİ-UNDP project, 1980 TOR77-015, Ankara

  • PERİNÇEK, D,, 1978,. Çelikhan-Sincik-Koçali (Adıyaman) alanının Jeoloji incelemesi ve petrol olanaklarının araştırılması. İ.Ü. Fen. Fak. Tatb. Jeo. Kürsüsü Doktora Tezi, İstanbul

  • ÖNAL, A., 1982, Büyükçekmece-Karaağaç (İstanbul.) alanının Jeoloji ve Hidrojeoloji incelemesi,, LÜ. Yer1 Bil. Fak.... Lisans Tezi

  • ÖNAL, A., 1989, Malatya-Yeşilyurt Derme Karst kaynağının Hidrojeolojik incelememesi. LÜ. Fen Bilimleri Ens.. Yük. Lisans Tezi.,

  • Geochemical characteristics ^and areal/regional distribution of the Tertiary volcanism in the surroundings of Eleşkirt (Ağrı), Eastern Turkey
    Tuncay Ercan İsmail Keskin Mustafa Dönmez
    View as PDF

    ABSTRACT: Tertiary volcanism in the surroundings of Eleşkirt, a provincial, town, of Ağrı, in Eastern Anatolia,commenced at the beginning of Upper Miocene and continued till to the middle of Lower Pliocene, with three main/distinct, phases. Upper1 Miocene aged Kösedağ volcanics are. represented by dacitic lavas, tuffs and. agglomerates.. UpperMiocene, aged Sekirdağ volcani.cs are. mainly represented by andésites with subordinate trachyandesite and dacite type lavas` and pyrocla.sti.cs, Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene, aged. Karakurt volcanics are largely represented by dacites andlocally by rhyodacite, rhyolite .and andesitic lavas- interbedded with tuffs .and ignimbrites. The results of geochemical(carried out on this ttiree-distirtcit volcanic rocks) analyses indicate a subalkaline affinity with calcalkaline characteristicsand show similar chemical characteristics with that of Cascade-type cale alkaline, volcanic rock. The geochemical resultsalso indicate that the volcanic, rocks of the investigated area were, basically originated from, a crustal magma and. represents the earliest products, of the post-collisional volcanism in the Eastern Anatolia, resulting from, mantle uplifting underlying a thick, crust, that was- formed, in. a compressional regime.

  • Eleşkirt(Ağrı)

  • Volcanism

  • Geochemical Feature

  • Regional Spread

  • Aktimur, H. T., Tekir, M. E,., Yurdakul, M,. E., Ercan.» T..,,, Kcccr, M,,, Ürgün, B., Gürbüz, M., Can, B, ve Yaşar T.,,, 1991, Kars-Arpaçay dolayının jeolojisi ve Ncojen-Kuvatcrner yaşlı volkanitlerin petrolojisi: Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı. BülL, 6,104-117.

  • Auyoshkov, E, V., 1973,, Stress in `the lithosphère caused by crystal thickness inhomogenities: Jour. Geophys., 78,7675-7708,

  • Artyushkov, E. V., 1981,» Mechanism of continental riflogcncsis: Tectonophysics, 73,9-14.

  • Barben, F., Innocenti, F., Ferrara, G., Keller, J. ve Villan, L., 1974, Evolution, of the Aeolian arc volcanism (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea): Earth. Planet, Sei. Lett, 21,269-276.

  • Bayraktutan, S., 1978» Tekman havzasının, sedimanter liıofasiycsleri ve çökelme tarihçesi: Türkiye JeoL Kurul. 1987 Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 69-70.

  • Bilgin, A.,, 1934, Serçeme (Erzurum.) deresi ve dolayındaki volkaniüerin jeokimyası: Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı BülL, 5,41-50

  • Bilgin, A., 1987,, Serçeme (Erzurum) volkaniilerinin mineralojisi, petrografisi: A. Ü. İsparta Müh. Fak. Derg.,3,47-59

  • Buket, E., 1988,, Doğu. Anadolu volkanik provensinin jeokimyası; Varto (Doğu. Anadolu) yöresindeki Tersiyer ve Kuvaterncr yaşlı volkaniklerin ana,, iz» nadir toprak element içerikleri ve Sr, Nd izotop jeokimyası: Hacettepe Üniversitesinde Yerbilimlerinin 20. Yılı Sempozyumu Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 54.

  • Buket, E., 1989, Petrology and major element gcochcmislrg of Tertiary and Quaternary volcanics from Varto` region, Eastern. Turkey; Metu Journal of Pure and applied sciences,,, 22/3,69-89.

  • Di Giralomo, P., 1984, Magmatic character and geotectonic setting of some Tertiary-Quaternary Italian volcanic rocks; Orogenic, Anorogcnic and transitional association-A review: Bull. Volcan.., 47/3,421-432.

  • `Ercan., T., 1986, Anadolu`nun sönmüş volkanları, yeniden püskürecekler mi?: Tübitak Bilim ve Teknik Berg., 222,17-19,

  • Ercan, T., Fujitani, T., Matsuda, J-L» Notsu, K., Tokel, S. ve Ui, T., 1990,, Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Neojen-Kuvaterner volkaoitlerine ilişkin yeni jeokimyasal, radyometrik ve izotopik verilerin yorumu: MTA-Berg., 110,, 143-164

  • Ercan, T.,» Tokcl, S. s Matsuda, J.L, Ui,, T., Notsu,, K. ve Fujitani, T., 1992, Hasandağı-Karacadağ (Orta Anadolu) .Kuvaterner volkanizmasına ilişkin yeni jeokimyasal izotopik ve radyometrik. veriler: Türkiye Jeoloji Kumltayı Bülteni, 7,8-21,

  • Ercan, T. ve Asutay, H. I.,, 1993,, Malatya-ElazığTunceli-Bingöl-Diyarbakır, dolaylarındaki NeojenKuvatemer yaşlı volkanitlerin petrolojisi: AÜFF Jeoloji Böl. Suat Erk Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı 291-302..

  • Gottini, V., 1968,, The TiO2 Frequency in. volcanic rocks: Geol.Rdsck, 57,930-935.

  • Gottini» V., 1969, Serial character of the volcanic rocks of Pantelleria: Bull, Volcan,., 3,818-827.

  • Gülen, L., 1980, Strontium isotope geochemistry of mount Ararat,,, and Süphan volcanics,, Eastern Turkey: EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 61, 17

  • Gülce,, L., 1983, Van gölü civarı çarpışma, zonu volkanizması; bir izotop jeokimya çalışması: Hacettepe- Üniv. Yerbilimleri. 20. Yılı Sempozyumu Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 53.

  • Güner, Y. ve Şaroğlu, F., 1987,, Doğu Anadolu`da Kuvaterner volkanizması ve jeotermal enerji açısından önemi: Türkiye 7. Petrol Kong. Bildiriler Kitabı» 371-383...

  • Irvine, T, N. ve Baragar, W, R, A.,,, 1971,, A guide to the chemical classification of the common votcanic rocks: Canad. Jour... Earth, Seien., 8.523-548.

  • lonocenti, F., Mazzuoli, R,, Pasquare, G., Radicati, F,., ve Villan., L., 1976, Evolution of the volcanism in `the area, of interaction, between the .Arabian,, Anatolian, and Iranian, plates (Lake Van., Eastern Turkey)1 : Journal of Volcan. Geoth. Research., 1,103-112.

  • innocenti, F., Mazzuoli, R,..,, Päsquare, G,,, Scrri,, G. ve Villari, L., 1980, Geology of the volcanic area north of Lake Van (Turkey): Geol. Rdsch., 69/1,292-3:23

  • Innocenti, F., Manetti, P-, Mazzuoli, R., Pasquare, G.,, ve Villari,, L., 1981, Anatolia and northwestern Iran: R. S. Thorpe Ed., Andésites: Orogenic andésites and related rocks da. Wiley, Newyork, N. Y., 327-349.

  • înnocenti, F., Mazzuoli, R., Pasquare, G., Radicati, F. ve Villari, L., 1982, Tertiary and Quaternary volcanism of the Erz.iiro.m-K.ariS area (Eastern Turkey),, Geochronologica! data, and geodynamic evolution: Jour. Volcan., Geoth. Res., 13,» 223-240.

  • Kamank, A., 1975» Sarıkamış-Pasioler civarında perlit imkanlan hakkında rapor: MTA Rap. No: 5369 (yayınlanmamış), .Anlara

  • Kamaniı, A., 1977,,, Sarıkamış Perlitlerinin jeoloji ve jenezi: TIK I, Ulusal Perlit Kong., Bildiriler Kitabı, 143-15:2.

  • Keskin, M., 1992-a, Erzurum-Kars platosunun çarpışma kökenlrvolkanizmasının jeokimyasal karakteristikteri:45, Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 49

  • Keskin, M,..,, 1992-b, Collision volcanism on the Eızurum-Kars plateau, northeastern Anatolia, Türkiye: Work in Progress on die Geology of Türkiye Abstracts,. 38, Keele University .Department of Geology,, England.

  • Kind, K. ve Çağlayan, A., 1980, Kağızman(Kars)-AğnTaşbçay (Ağrı) dolayının jeolojisi: MTA. Rapor No: (Yayınlanmamış), .Ankara.

  • Lambert, I.,, Holland, J. G. ve Owen, P., F, 1974, Chemical petrology of a isuite calc-alkaline lavas from. mount Ararat, Turkey: Jour. Ged., 82,419-438..

  • Le Bass, M. J., Le Maître, K. W., Streckeisen» A., ve Zanettin, B., 1936,. A. chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total .alkali-silica diagram: ` Journal of .Petrology,, 27/3,745-750.

  • Macdonald, G. A. ve Katsura, J., 1964,, Chemical composition of Hawaiian lavas: Journal of Petrology,,, 5,» 83- 133.

  • Matsuda, J. I..,, 1990, K-Ar Ages of Turkey volcanics; Geochemical Study of Collision volcanism. at the plate boundary in Turkey, 63-68.

  • Nagao, K.,, Matsuda, J. L, Kita, 1. ve Ercan,. T., 1989, Noble gas and carbon isotopic composition in Quaternary volcanic .area, in Turkey: Jeomorfoloji Derg., 17,101-110.

  • Özgür, N. ve Bilgin, A., 1990, Sankamış-Kars perlit ve obsidiyeol.erin.in jeokimyası, jenezi ve ekonomik önemi: Jeomorfoloji Dcrg., 18,. 25-38.

  • Pearce, J... A,., Bender, J. F,., de Long, S. E,., Kidd, W. S. F.,, Low, F... J.,,, Güner, Y., Şaroğlu, F., Yılmaz, Y.,, Moofbath, S. and Mitchell, J. G., 1.990,,, Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey: Jour. Volcan. Geoth. Res.,, 44,189-229.

  • Peccerillo, A.., ve Taylor,,, S. R,, 1976,, Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic- rocks from the- Kastamonu, aerea, northern Turkey:: Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.., 58,63-81.

  • Rittmann, A., 1962, Volcanoes and their activity: John Wiley .and sons, Newyork, London., 305 pp.

  • Rittmann, A. ve Villan, L., 1979, Volcanism as a tracer in geodynamic processes: Geologie en Mijnbouw, 58/2, 225-230.

  • Sanver, M., 1968, A palaeomagnetic study of Quaternary volcanic rocks from Turkey: Phys. Earth,. Planet., Interiors, 1,403-421

  • Savcı, G., 1.980, Doğu Anadolu volkanizmasının neotektonik önemi: Yeryuvarı ve İnsan, 5/3-4,46-49.

  • Şaroğlu, F., Güner, Y.,-Kidd, W. S... F... ve Şcngör, A, M,. C, 1980, Neotectonics of Eastern Turkey: New evidence for crustal shortening and thickening in a collisional zone: EOS, Transactions Américain Geophysical Union, 61, 17,360.

  • Şaroğlu, F... ve Yılmaz, Y,., 1984, Doğu Anadolu`nun tektoniği ve ilgili magmaüzması: Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu. Ketin Sinip,. Bildiriler Kitabı, 149-162

  • Şaroğlu, E ve Yılmaz, Y., 1.991, Geology of the Karlıova region; Intersection of the north Anatolion and East., Anatolian transfrom faults: Bull, Tech... Univ.. Istanbul, 44/3-4,475-493.

  • Şengör, AJwLC. ve Kidd, W.S..F. 1979, Post-coUisional tectonic, of the Turkish-Iranian, plateau, and a comparison with Tibet: Tectonophysics, 55, 361-376,.,

  • Taner, M. .F., 1977, Etude géologique et petrograpMque de la region de Giioeyce-îkizdere, située au sud de Rize (Pontides orientales, Turquie): Doktora tezi, Cenevre Univ., İsviçre,, 180 s. (Yayınlanmamış)

  • Taylor, S.., R.,, ve Me Lenoan, M. S. 1.981, The composition and evolution of the continental crust; rare, earth element, evidence from sedimentary rocks: Phil. Trans. Roy,. Soc. London, A. 301, 388-399.,

  • Tokel, S., 1979, Erzurum-Kars yöresindeki Neojen • çöküntüsüyle ilgili volkanizmanm incelenmesi: Doçentlik tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Univ., 106 s. (Yayınlanmamış), Trabzon.

  • Tokel, S., 1980-a, Doğu Anadolu`da Neojen volkanizmasının jeokimyası: Türkiye Jcol. Kur... 34. Türkiye Jeoloji Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 33.

  • Tokel, S,., 1980-b, tz ve ana element ayırtman diyagramlanyla Anadolu`da Neojen volkanizmasının tektonik yerleşiminin incelenmesi: Tübitak. 7. Bilim. Kong. Yerbilimleri Seksiyonu Tebliğleri Kitabı, 1-10.

  • Tokel, S,.,, 1981, Plaka tektoniğinde magmatik yerleşimler ve jeokimya; Türkiye`den örnekler.:: Yeryuvarı ve İnsan, 6/3-4,53-6,5...

  • Tokel, S,, 1984, Doğa Anadolu`da kabuk deforaıasyon mekanizması ve genç volkanitlerin petrojenezi: Türkiye Jeoloji Kor. Ketin Simp. Bildiriler Kitabı» 121-130.

  • Tokel, S., 1985, .Post, collision. Neogene- volcanism in Eastern Anatolia; implications for their petragenetic mechanism: IAVCEI 1985 İlmi Toplantısı Bildiri Özleri KiuAı, Giardini-Naxos» İtalya

  • Tokel, S.,» Ercan, T., Akbaşlı, A., Yıldırım, T., Fişekçi, A., Selvi, Y., Ölmez, M, ve Can. B,, 1988, Neogene tholeiitic province of Central Anatolia; implication for magma genesis and post-collision, liüıospheric dynamics: Metu Jour. Püre Appl. Seien., 21/1-3» 461-477

  • Tokel, S. ve Ercan,, T., 1992,Anadolu`da çarpışma sonu volkanizmasının jeokimyasal ayırtman özellikleri;; y iten blok-manto etkileşimi: Türkiye Jeoloji kurultayı 1992 Bidiri Özleri. Kitabı, 36

  • Turcotte, D,. L., 1983, Mehamsm of cristal déformation: J. Geol. Soc. London, 140,701-724.

  • Turcotte, D,. L, ve Emennan, S. H., 1983, Mechanism, of active ani passive rifting: Tectonophysics, 79,39-50

  • Turnerx F.. J,. ve Vefhoogen, J., i960, Igneous and metamorphic petrology: Me Graw-Hill Book Co., Newyoik.

  • Turkecan, A., 1991, Muş yöresindeki Pliyosen, yaşlı volkaniflerin petrolojisi: MTA Berg., 112,85-102.

  • Türkecan, A. Dönmez,. M., Özgür, t. B., Mutlu, G., Sevin, D, ve Bulut, V., 1992-a, Patnos-Tutak-Halnur. (Ağn) yöresinin jeolojisi ve volkanik kayaçların petrolojisi: MTA Rap,., No: (yayınlanmamış),.,

  • Ttirkeon, A., Dönmez, M., Sevin, D..,, Özgür, 1. B. ve Mutlu, G., 1992-b, Peıakalen volkanizma ve Doğu Anadolu`daki örnekleri: Türkiye Jeolojisi Kurultayı Bülteni?, 108-115

  • Wager, L, R., I960, The major element variation of the Layered series of the Skaergaard intrusion: Journal of Petrology, 1,364-398

  • WedepoW, K. H., 1975, The contribution of chemical data to assumptioiis about the origin of magmas from the mantle: Fortschr. Mner., 52/2,141-172,,

  • Yılmaz,, Y., 1984» Türkiye`nin jeolojik tarihinde magmaük. etkinlik, ve tektonik evrimle ilişkisi: Türkiye Jeoloji Kumunu Ketin Simp. Bildiriler Kitabı, 63-81

  • Yılmaz, Y., Şaroğlıı, R ve Güner, Y., 1987-a» Initation of die neonıagmatism in East Anatolia: Tectonoplıys- • ics, 134,177-199

  • Yılmaz, Y.t Şaroğlu, R ve Güner, Y., 1.987-b, Doğo, AnadolııA Solhan (Mu§) volkanitlerinin petrojenetik • incelenmesi: Hacettepe Yerbilimleri, 14,133-163.

  • Ahmet Gökçe
    View as PDF
  • Hydrothermal

  • Mineral Deposits

  • Origin and Formation Conditions

  • Stable İsotopes

  • Geochemistry

  • Claypoll, G. E,, Holser, W. T., Kaplan, L R. Sakai, H, and Zak, T., 1980,, The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in. marine sulfate and their mutual interpretations. Chem. GeoL, 28,199-260.

  • Erler. A., 1979, Karakoca (Simav-KÜTAHYA) Kurşun yatağı kükürt izotopları.,, T. J. K. Bull., 32/1, 117- 120.

  • Evans, A. M.,, 1987, An introduction to ore geology (second edL), Blackweil. Sei. PubL, Oxford, 353p.

  • Garlick, G. D., 1969, The stable isotopes of oxygen (In: Wedepohl, K, H. (edt). Handbook of geochemistry., 8B. Berin-Heidelberg-New York, Springer,

  • Gökçe, A., 1.933,» Turhal antimon yataklarının maden jeolojisi. Hacettepe Univ., Doktora Tezi (yayınlanmamış), 150 s.

  • Gökçe,, A., 1986,, Cebrail (Gediz-KÜTAHYA) antimon yatağının jeolojisi. Cumhuriyet Üniv,,, Müh. Fak. Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 3/1,, 27-35

  • Gökçe, A,.,, 1937, Muratdağı Bölgesi. (Gediz-KÜTAHYA) antimon cevherleşmelerinin jeolojisi. Cumhuriyet Univ., Müh. Fak.,, Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 4/1,65-86

  • Gökçe, A.,,, 1990`, Kurşunlu (Ortakent-KoyullusarSİVAS) Pb-Zn-Cu yataklarında kükürt izotoptan incelemesi, M. T. A. Dergisi, 111, 111-118.

  • Gökçe, A., 1992, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Kukoro tipi (masif ve stockwork) Cu-Zn-Pb sülfid yataklarının kükürt izotopları incelemesi.. TÜBİTAK, projesi. No: TBAG-915/YBAG-00Q8,103 s,

  • Gökçe,,, A,, ve Köksoy, M,., 1.984a, Turhal antimon yataklarının jeolojisi ve kökeni. T. J. K. Bull.., 27,131-140.

  • Gökçe,. A. ve Özgüneylioğlu, A., 1988, Kurşunlu. (Ortakent-KoyulMsar-Sivas) Pb-Zn-Cu yataklarının jeoloji- . si, oluşumu ve kökeni. Cumhuyiıct Üniv. Müh,. Fak., Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 5/1,23-36.

  • Gökçe, A. and Spiro, B., 1991, Sulfur isotope study of source- and deposits of stibnite in the Turhal arca. Mineralium Deposita, 26,30-33.

  • Gökçe, A., and Spiro,, B,,, 1993 (?), Stable isotope study of antimony deposits in the Muratdağı Region, Western Türkey. Mineralium Deposiîa (incelemede).

  • Hoefs, J., 1987`, Stable isotope geochemistry (Third edL), Springer Verlag, 241 p.

  • Macnamara, J, and Thode, EL G., 1.959, Comparison of the isotopic constitution, of tenrestral and. meteoric sulfur, Phys. Rev,., 78, 307-308,

  • Mottl, M. J., 1976, Chemical exchange `between sea water and basalt during hydrothermal alteration, of the oceanic crust. Unpublished Ph.D., thesis, Harvard Univ.

  • Neir,, A. O,, 1.950, A redetermination of the rela.ti.ve abundances, of the isotopes of carbon,, nitrogen, oxygen, argon and potassium. Phys. Rev., 77,789.

  • Ohmoto, H., 1986, Stable isotope geochemistry of ore deposits (In; Valley et all. (Edts.); Stable isotopes in. high temperature geological processes, Reviews in mineralogy, V: 16,491-559).

  • Ohmoto, H,., Cole D, R. and Mottl, M. J., 1976, Experimental basalt-seawater interaction: sulfur and. oxygenistope study,. EOS, 57,342.

  • Ohmoto, H, >and Rye, O1 .,, 1979, Isatopes of sulfur and carbon (In: Barnes, H. L. (edt.), Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, p., 506-567, Wiley, Newyork

  • Sheppard, M. F., 1986» Characterization and isotopic variations in natural waters (In: Valley et all. (Edts.); Stable isotopes in high temperature geological processes, Reviews,in mineralogy, V: 16,165-183).

  • Way, K., Fa.no, L., Sett, M R. and Thew, KL, 1950, Nuclear data. A collection of experimental values of halflifes, radiation energies,, relative isotopic abondances,, nuclear moments and cross-sections Nat. Bur., Standards U. S. Cire. 499

  • Turhan Ayyildiz
    View as PDF
  • Numerical Kerojen

  • Hydrocarbon

  • Trichotomic

  • Hunt» J... M.,,, 1.979,. Petroleum. Geochemistry and GeoİGU, Freeman, and Co., New York.,

  • Hwan, T. F,,,,, 1984, The availability of parameters classification of type of kerogen. Ada Sedim. Sinica. 3.

  • Shi Ji-Yang, Mackenzie, A... S., Alexander,. R., Eglinton, G., Gowar, A. P., Wolff, G. A. and Maxwell, J. R.9 1982. A biological marker investigation of petroleums and shales from, the Shengli oilfield» People`s Republic of China.. Chem. GeoL, 35, 1-31

  • Tissot, B. P. and Weite, D. H,.., 1978., Petroleum Formation, and Occurence. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 2nded

  • Yang Wanli,,, 1985, Daqing oilfield. People`s Republic of China. A giant field with oil of nonmarine origin. AApg Boll, 69, 1101-1111.

  • Selami Toprak
    View as PDF
  • Coal Deposits

  • Balkan Endemik Nefropati(BEN)

  • Human Health

  • Disease

  • Haydar İlker
    View as PDF
  • Fitolit Systematics

  • Mineral

  • Paleoenvironmental

  • Archaeological

  • Andrejko» MT, Cohen, .AD and Raymond, R, Jr 1983, Origin of mineral matter in peat. In Roymond,, R, Jr and Andiejko, MF, eds» Minerai .Matter in Peat Los Alamos, New Mexico-, Los Alamos National .Laboratory: 3-24.

  • Arnott, .HJ. 1976, Calcification, in. higher plants. In Watabe, N ,and Wilbur, KM» eds, The Mechanisms of Mineralization in the Invertebrates and Plants. Columbia, South Carolina, University of South Carolina Press: 55-78.

  • Baker, G. 1959a, Fossil opal-phytolitfis and phytolith nomenclature. Australian Journal of Science 21: 305- 306. 1959b, Opal phytoliths in. some Victorian soils and

  • Bartoli, F. and Wilding, LP. 1980 Dissolution of biogenic opal as a function of its physical and chemical, properties. Sou Science^ Society of America, Journal `44: 873-878

  • Brown, DA.. 1984, Prospects .and limits of a phytolith key for` grasses in the central United States, Journal of Archaeological Science 1.1: 345-368,

  • Bryant, VM Jr 1974,, The role of coprolile analysis in. .archaeology. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 45: 1-28.

  • Brydon, JE, Dore, WG .and Clark, JS 1963 Siiicified plant • astcroscleiids preserved in. soil. Soil Science Society of America, Proceeding`s .27.: 476-477

  • Bukry, D. 1979, Comments on opal phytoliths and stratigraphy of Neogene silico-falgellates and coccolilhs at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 397 off northwest. Africa,. .In Shamback, JD, ed.. Initial. Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 49: 977- 1009. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 1987, North Atlantic Quaternary silicoflagellates. Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 94... In Orlfsky, S, ed., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 94(2): 779-783,. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office

  • Carbone, VA (ms) 1977, Environment and prehistory in the Shenandoah Valley, PhD dissertation, The Catholic University of America; 227 p..

  • Chattaway, .MM 1953, The occuurrence of heatrwood crystals in certain timbers. Australian Journal of Botany 1: 27-38., 1955, Crystals in. woody tisso.es: Part I. Tropical Woods 102: 55-74. 1956, Crystals in woody tissues; Part II. Tropical Woods 1.04: 100-124.

  • Cummings, L.. Scott (ms) 1989, Coprolites from medieval Christian Nubia: An interpretation of diet and notri.ti.onal stress. PhD dissertation.. University of Colorado: 204 p

  • Dimbleby, GW 1978, Plants and Archaeology. Atlantic Heights, Nev Jersey, Huimanïties Press, Inc: 190 p

  • Darmaar, JF and Lutwick, LE 1969, Infrared, spectra of humic acids and opal phytoliths as indicators of paleosols. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 49: 29-37,.,

  • Dumitrica, P 1973 Phytolitharia. In Kaneps, AG, cd, Initial Reports«Qf the Deep Sea Drilling Project 13 (2): 940-943,.. Washington, DC, Us Government Printing Office.

  • Ehrenberg, CG 1854 MUciogeologie, 2 volumes, Leipzig, Leopold Voss: 374 p.

  • Folger, DW, Burckle, LH and Heezen, BC 1967 Opal phytoliths in a North. Atlantic dust fall Science 155: 1243-1244,

  • Franceschi, VR and Homer,, HT, Jr 1980 Calciom oxalate crystals in plants. Botanical Review 46: 361-427.

  • Fiedlund, GG, Johnson, WC and Dort, W, Jr 1935 A preliminary analysis of opal, phytoliths from, the Eustis Ash Pit, Frontier County, Nebraska. Institute for Tertiary-Quaternary Studies, TER-QUA Symposium. Series 1: 147-162.

  • Fujiwara, H5 Jones,, R. .and Brockwell, S 1985 Plant opals (phytoliths) in Kakadu archaeological sites;: A. preliminary report. In Joner, R, ed., Archaeological Research in Kakadu National Park. Australian National Park aed. Wildlife, Special Publication 13, Canberra., Australian National University: 155- 164.

  • Gross, Er1 (ms) 1.973, Buried, soils of the. drainageways in the driftless area, of the upper Mississippi Valley, PhD dissertation. University of Minnesota: 195 p..,

  • Haberlandt, G 1.914, Physiological. Plant Anatomy. London, Macinillan and. Co: 777 p,

  • Hay ward, DM and Parry, DW 1980, Scanning electron microscopy of silica deposits in the culms, floral bracts, and awns of barley (Hordeum sativum Jess,.).., Annals of Botany 46: 541-548,

  • Helbaek, H 1961, Studying the diet of ancient, man. Archaeology 14: 9,5-101..

  • Her, RK 1979, The Chemistry of Silica. New York, John • Wiley & Sons: 866 p

  • Jones,, LHP and Handrek, KA 1967, Silica in soils,plants and animals. Adv,aocer in. Agronomy 19:107-149:

  • Jones,, RL 1964.» Note oe occurrence of opal phytoliths in some Cenozoic sedimentary rocks., Journal of Paleontology 38: 773-775...

  • Jones, RL and Beaver, AH 1964,, Variation of opal phytolith among some great soil groups, in Illinois. Soil Science Society of America,, Proceedings 28: 711-712.

  • Jones, RL and Hay, WW 1975, Bioliths, In Giesking, JE,, ed, Soil Components. II. New York, SpringerVerlag: 481-496

  • Kaufman, PB, Dayanandan, P, Takeoka, Y, Bigelow, WC, Jones, JD and Her, R 1981, Silica in shoots of higher plants. In Simpson, TL and Volcani, BE, eds, silicon and Siliceous Structures in Biological Systems. New York, Springer-Verlag: 409-449.

  • Lanning, FC 1961, Calcife inLesquerella ovalifolia trichomes. Science 138: 380.

  • Lewis, KO 1981, Use of opay phytoliths in paleoenvironinental reconstruction. Journal of Ethmobiology !: 175-181.

  • Locker» S and Martini, E 1986,» Phytoliths from the southwest Pacific, site 591, In Blakesl.ee,, JH, ed, Initial Reporte of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 90(2): 1079-1084,. Washington, DC, US Government Printing office

  • MacDonald, IX (ms) 1974, Opal phytoliths as. indicators. of plant succession in North-Central Wyoming: 71 p

  • McNair, JB 1932, The interrelation between substances. in. plants: Essential oils and resins,, cyannogen and oxalate, American Journal of Botany 19: 2,55-271.

  • Melia, MB 1984, The. distribution and relationships between palynomoiphs in aerosols and deep-sea sediments off the coast of northwest. Africa. Marine. Geology 58: 345-371..,

  • Metcalffe, CR I960,, Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. I. Gramineae. Oxford.,. Clarendon Press: 731 p. 1971 Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. IL Cyperaceae. Oxford, Clarendon. Press: 597 p.

  • Mulholland, SC 1989, Phytoliths shape frequencies in North. Dakota grasses: A comp.aris.on to general, patterns. Journal of Archaeological. Science 16: 489-511.

  • Netolitzky, F 1929,, Die kieselkorper. In Linsbauer, K, ed, Hanbuch der Pflanzen-anatomie 3(la): 1-19, Berlin,, Gebrüder Bomtraeger.

  • Norgren,. JA (ms) 1973,, Distribution, from and significance of plant opal in Oregon soils,. PhD dissertation,, Oregon. S`tate University: 165 p.

  • Ollendorf,, AL, Mulholland, SC and Rapp,, G, J:r 1987, Phytoliths from some Israeli sedges. Israel Journal of Botany 36:125-132

  • Pearsall, DM 1978, Phytoliths analysis of archaeological soils:: Evidence for maize cultivation in Formative Ecuador. Science 199:177-178, (ms) 1.979, The application of ethnobotanical techniques to` the problem of subsistence in. the Ecuadorian. Formative. PhD dissertation.. University of Illinois: 267 p.

  • Pearsall.,» DM and Trimble, MK 1984, Identifying past, agricultural activity through soil phytoliths. analysis: A case study from the. Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Archaeological Science 11:119-133.

  • Piperno, DR 1984, A comparison and differentiation of phytoliths from maize and wild grasses: Use of morphological criteria.. American Antiquity 49: 361-383. 1985a, Phytolith analysis and tropical paleoecology: Production and taxonomic significance, of siliceous forms in New World plant domesticates .and wild species. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology45: 185-228. 1985b, Phytolith analysis of geological sediments from Panama., Antiquity 59:13-19. 1988, Phytolith Analysis: An .Archaeological .and Geological Perspectiva, New York,,, Academic .Press: 280 p

  • Prat, H 1936, La systématique des Graminées., Annales •des Sciences Naturelles» Botanique, Series 10,18: 165-258...

  • Rosen, AM 1987, Phytolith studies at Shiqmim. In Levy, TE, ed.» Shiqmim. I: Studies concerning Ghakolithic societies in. the Negev Desert, Israel (1982-1984), British .Archaeological Reports International Series 356: 343-249.

  • Rovner, I 1971, Potential of opal phytoliths for use in paleoecological reconstruction. Quaternary Research 1: 343-3.59, (ras) 1983a, Multi-disciplinary sense and nonsense: Is a science of phytoliths really necessary? Paper presented, at the 149th AAAS Annual Meeting, Detroit,, Michigan. 1983b» Plant, opal phytoliths analysis: Major advances in aichaeobotanical research. In Schiffer, M, ed., Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 6: 225-266. New York, Academic .Press. 1988, Macro- and. micro-ecological reconstruction using plant opal phytolith data from archaeological sediments. Geoarchaeology 3:155-163.,

  • Russ, JC and Rovner, 11989, Slereological identification of opal phytolith. populations from wild and cultivated Zea, American antiquity 54: 784-792

  • Sangster, A.G and Parry, DW 1981, infrastructure of silica, deposits in higher plants. In Simpson, TL and Volcani, BE, eds, Silicon and Siliceous Structures in Biological. Systems. New York, Springer- • Verlag: 383-407

  • Scurfield, Gt Michell,, AJ and Silva, SR 1973, Crystals in woody stems. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society of London 66: 277-289.

  • Sfmkiss» K and Wilbur, KM 1989» Plant mineralizationIons, silicification, and the transpiration stream. .In Simkiss, K and Wilbur, KM» Biomineralization: Cell Biology and Mineral Deposition. New York, Academic Prss: 106-130.

  • Smithson, F 1958, Grass -opal in British, soils. Journal of Soil Science 9: 148-155.

  • Terrell, EE and Wergen, WP 1981, Epidermal features and silica deposition in lemmas and awns of Zizania (Gramineae), American Journal of Botany 68.:: 697- 707,.,

  • Tomlinson, PB 1969» Anatomy of the Monocatyledons. II. Palmae. Oxford, Clarendon Press: 453 p

  • Turner, BL, II and .Harrison». FD 198I, Prehistoric raisedfield agriculture in the Maya lowlands. Science Society of America» Proceedings 33:109-115.

  • Wilding» LP and Drees, LR 1973, Scanning1 electron microscopy of opaque opaline forms Isolated from forest soils in Ohio. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings 37:647-650, —1974, Contributions of forest opal and associated crystalline, phases to fine silt and clay .fractions of soils,. Clays and Clay Minerals (Clay Mineral So-_ ciety, .Proceedings of the Conference) 22:295-306

  • Witty, JE and Knox, EG 1964, Grass opal in some chestnot and forested soils in north, central Oregon. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings 28: 685- 688

  • Ali Vedat Oygür
    View as PDF
  • Jurassic Park

  • Dinosaurs

  • Giant Reptiles

  • Palaeontology

  • Yusuf Ziya Özkan
    View as PDF
  • Mineral Exploration And Axploration

  • Mine

  • Mining

  • İzver Tansel
    View as PDF
    İbrahim Engin Meriç
    View as PDF
    Mehmet Yaşar Etmem
    View as PDF
    View as PDF
    View as PDF
    View as PDF
    ISSUE FULL FİLE
    View as PDF