TMMOB
The Analysis of evolution and structurai items of The Western Taurus - Lycia - Nappes
Western Taurus
Nappes Structural İtems
Evolution Analysis
Autochthonous
Allactone
Adamda, Sh. A,.; Odıkhmezuri, Z.V...; Shavish.vil.li, I.D. (1977), main features of tectonics, magniatism and métallogeny of the Caucasus,. Sixth Colloquium, on Geology of the Aegean Region İZMİR, s. 1-9.
Akkök, R,.; Satır, M; Şengör, ÂİVf.C. (1984),, Menderes Masifi`nde tektonik olayların, zamanlaması ve sonuçları. Ketin Simp., s. 93-94.
Bailey, E.B.,; Me Callien, W.1 (1953), Serpentine lavas,, the Ankara melange and the Anatolian thrust. Roy, Soc. Edinburg Trans. 62, 403-442
Blu.men.thal, M. (1963), Le système structural du Taurus sud-anatolien. In Livre à la Mémoire du Professeur1 P. Fallot, Lu, Mem. h.s. Soc. Géol. Fr,., Paris, p. 611-622.
B anneau, M.; Angelier, I.; Epting, M... (1977), Reunion extraordinaire de la Société, géologique de. France, en Krete., Bull. Soc. geol. Fr. 19,,, 87-1.02.
Brinkmann» R. (1966), Geotektonishche Gliederung von West Anatolian,. N. Jb. Geol. Pal.. Mh, 603-618,.
Brunn, J.H.; Grariansky, P. Ch. De.; Gutnic, M.; Juteau, T.; Lefevre, R.; Marcoux, J.; Monod, O..; Poisson, A,. (1970),, Structures majeures et. correlations stratigraphiques d.ans les Taurides occidentales,. Bull. Soc. geol. France, 12, 515-556,.
Çağlayan,, A.M.; Oztifark, E.M.; öztürk, Z.; Sav, A,; Akat, U. (1980). Menderes Masifi güneyine ait bulgular ve yapısal yorum. Jeo, Müh. 10, 9-17.
Colin» HJ . (1962), Fethiye-Antalya-Kaş-Fînike (Güneybatı Anadolu) bölgesinde yapılan jeolojik: etütler. MTA Enst. Derg. 59.
Demirtaşh, E, (1975), İran, Pakistan ve Türkiye`deki Alt Paleozoyîk yaşlı kayaların stratigrafik korrelasyonn. Cumhuriyetin 50. yılı Yerbilimleri Kongresi, MTA, 204-222.
Dumont, J.F.; Uysal. S.; Monod, O. (1980), La série de Zindan. un. element de liaision entre platforme et bassın a Fest d`Isparta (Taurides occidentales, Turquie),. Bull. Soc, geol. Fr,.22, 225-232
Erakman, B.; Meşhur, M.; Gül, M.A.; Alkan, H.; Öztaş, Y.; Akpınar, M, (1986), Fethiye-Köyceğiz-Tefenni-ElmalıKalkan arasında kalan alanın jeolojisi: Türkiye 6. Petrol Kong.,, Jeoloji Bildirileri: Güven» A.; Dinçer, A.,.; Derman, A.S. (eds.)t 23-32.
Ercan, T.; Günay, E.; Törkecan, A. (1982), Bodrum yarımadasının, jeolojisi. MTA Enst. Derg., 97-98, 21-23
Ersoy, Ş. (1989a), Fethiye (Muğla) - Gölhisar (Burdur) .arasında Güney Dağı ile Kelebekli Dağ ve dolaylarının jeolojisi. Doktora tezi (yayınlanmaınış). İÜ Fen Bilimi. Ens.,,, 246 s..
Gansser, A. (1974), The Ophiolitic melange, a worldwide problem, on Tethyan Examples» Eclogae GeoL Helv., 67 (3), 479-507
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Gutnic, M,.; Monod, O.; Poisson, A,.; Dumont, IF . (1979), Geologie- Des. Tauiid.es Occidentales (Turque) Mem.. Soc. Geol.Fr., N. Ser,, 58-137,
Hall» R.; Audley-Charles, M,G.; Carter, DJ . (1984), The significance of Crete for the `evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean,. In: Dixon, J. .and. Robertson, A.H..F. (eds). The Geological, evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Special publication of the Geological Society, London 17t 499-516
Harburyt N.A.; Hall, R. (1988),, Mesozoic extensional. history of the Southern Tethyan continental margin, in. `the SE Aegean. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 145, p.283-301.
Hay ward, A.B., (1984), Miocene, clastic sedimentation related to the- emplacement of the Lycian Nappes and `the Antalya Complex, S`W Turkey, In;: Dixon, J. and, Robertson» A.HJF. (eds). The Geological Evolution of the Eastern. Mediterranean. Special Publication of the Geological Society, London. 17, 287-301.
Marcoux, I. (19 ), A scenario for the both of anew oceanic realm. the Alpine Neo-Tethys. 10th. Congr. of Sedkn. Abstract, H, 419-420.
Monod, Ö. (1977), Reclierch.es géologiques dams le Taurus occidental au Sud. de Beyşehir (Turquie). Thèse Université Paris-Sud Orsay.
Mufti, E; Orombelli, G,.:;, Pbzzi, R. (1970),, Geolgical studies on . the Dodecannese islands (Aegean sea). IX Geological map of the island of Rhodes (Greece): Explanatary notes. Am., Geo. des Pays Hellen ATHEÎsöES, 79-226.
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on.al.am,,, M. (1979), Ebnah-Kaş (Ahntalya) arasındaki bölgenin jeolojisi (doktora tezi),. ÎÜFF Monografileri 29
Özgül, N. (1976), Torosların bazı temel özellikleri, TJK Bült. 19, 65-78.
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Philippson, A.,. (1915), Reisen und. Forschungen, im Westlichen Kleinaisen S: Karien Sudlichdes `maander und das Westlichen Lykien. Erg. Heft. 183, zu petermanns mitteillungen, Gotha, 135s.
Poisson» A. (1977), Recherches Géologiques dans les Taurides occidentales,. (Turquie),. Thèse doct. d`etat. Université Paris» Xi-Orsay» 795.
Ricou, E.L. (1980), Toroslar`ın Helenidler ve Zagridler arasındaki yapısal rolü. TJK Bült, 23, 2, 101.
Roussi, L.A. (1966), La. geologia della Peninsola di Datça (Turchia). Doctorate thesis-., Milano Üniv. italya,, 184p,.
Selçuk, H.; Örçen, S..; Bilgin, Z.R.; Şenel, M.; Durukan, E. (1985), Keller (Burdur-Dirmil) Tektonik Penceresi. Türkiye Jeo. Kurult. (Bildiri Özetleri), 9.
Şenel, .M. (1986), Tahtahdağ (Antalya) ve dolayının jeolojisi (doktora tezi), 10 Fen Bilimi. Ens. Jeoloji Müh. Anabilirn Dalı, 232 s.
Şengör, A.IVİC, and Yılmaz, Y. (1981), Tethyan evolution of Turkey. A plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics, 75» 181-241.
Thuizat, R.; Whitechurch, H.; Montigny, R.; Jutean, T.. (1981), K-Ar Dating :of some, infra-ophiolitic metamorphic soles. from `the Eastern mediterranean. New evidence for oceanic thrusthigs before obducdon Earth planet. Sei. Lett. 52, 302-310.
Woodcook, N.H. and Robertson, A.H.F. (1977), Imbricate thrust belt tectonics and sedimentation as a guide to emplacement of part of th Antalya. Complex SW Turkey. (Second Edition, 1985). Abstracts 6th. Colloguium Geology of the Aegean Region, Izmir-Turkey,, 661-671
Yılmaz, P.O., Maxwell, J.C. ve Muehlberger, W.R., (1981), Antalya kompleksinin yapısal evrimi ve Doğu Akdenizdeki yeri:; Yerbilimleri,, Hacettepe Üniv. Yerb. EnscBült, 7,, 119-127.
ABSTRACT: As is known, nativ and foreign geologists have been investigating onthe S W Anatolian since very early ages. There is no the geological evolution pattern of the SW Anatolian, up to now in spite of more data. However These knowledges aren`t extremely sufficient. According to data available, author have been tried, to propose the structural Items and the geological evolution of autochthonous, para-autochthonous and allochthonous of this region.
Solution of the schreinemakers method by a computer programme and application to the
natural minerai assemblages
Schreinmakers Method
Computer Program
Natural Mineral Assemblages
Bemroirîer, M ve Hock,, V., 1983,, Metamorphose der Serpentin - Randsteine im. Obersten Möltal (Kärnten, Österreich). Karinthin, 89, S. 51-71» Salzburg/Österreich.
Candan., O., 1988,, Demirci-Borlu Arasında Kalan Yörenin. (Menderes Masifi Kuzey Kanadı) Petrografisi» petrolojisi ve Mineralojisi.. D.E.,0.,Müh.Mim,.Fak,Jeo.,.Müh.BöI. (Doktora tezi) 156 s., Yayınlanmamış
Dora» O.Ö., Candan» O.» 1989-a, Schreinemakers Yöntemine Göre Kuramsal Mineral İlişkileri,. Eğitim Yayınları (Hazırlanmakta)..
Dora, O. ö ve Candan,, O.» (baskıda) Schreinemakers Yönteminin Menderes Masifinin Kuzey Kanadında, Demirci-Borlu Arasında, Kalan Bir Alana Uygulanması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi» Yer Bilimleri Dergisi.
Korzhinskü, DS,,, 1959, Physicochemical Basis of the Analysis of the Paragenesis of Minerals. New York, consultants Bureau. Inc., 142 p,
Morey, G., 1936,, The Phase Rule and. Heterogeneous Equilibrium,, in F.G. Donnan and Arthur Haas, Eds., A commentary on the Scientific Writings of J. Williard Gibbs, v.l.,, Thermodynamics: New Haven,» Yale University Press,, p. 233-293.,
Morey,, G.W ve Williamson,, E.D., 1.918,, Pressure-Temperature e Curves in Univariant Systems,. .Am.. Chem. Soc. Your., v. 40, p.59-84
Niggli, P., 1930, P-T Diagramme für bestimmte Phasenzahl: Chemie der Erde v.5, p.201-224.
Niggli, P., 1.954,,, Rocks and Mineral Deposits (English Translation). San Francisco. W.H.Freeman und Co., 559
Sc.hre.inemak.ers, F.A.H., 1915-1925, In-, Mono-, and EHvariant Equilibria. Koninkl. Akad. Wetenschappen te Amsterdam. Proc, English ed.,, v. 18-28 (senden seçilmiş 29 makale)
Zen,, E,,,, 1.966, Construction of Pressure-Temparature Diagrams for Multicomponent Systems After the Method, of Schreinemakers A Geometric Approach., U.S.Geol. Surv. Bull. 1225, 1-56.
ABSTRACT: Mineral assemblages stable according to Gibbs phase rule can be shown, on the diagrams having axes such as P/T, log f/(i by the Schrein.emak.ers method,. These diagrams may be too complex on the basis of `the number of the components and the degreees of freedom in the system. A computer programme in BASIC language is developed in order to .solve such kind of complex systems which can be solved in. very long times with small calculators. This programme was adopted for the IBM-PC because of .the wide distributions of these computers, öne natural sample which was studied by the Scheinemakers method, is resolved by the proposed programme in order to show the application of programme. It is possible to obtain all the parameters of the system to be .solved by this computer programme `without any additional calculations.
Evolution of carbonate platforms
Carbonate Platform
Evolution
Self
Tectonic Activity
ATABEY, E., 1990, Karbonat platformlarının, sınıflaması fasiyes modelleri ve evrimi/Toros Karbonat: Platformu A.Ü. Fen Bil. Enstitüsü, Doktora Semineri,, 108s
BLENDINGER, WM 1986» Isolated stationary carbonate plat forms, the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of the Marmalod; area» dolomites, Italy, Sedimentology, 33, 159-183,.
BOSELLtNl, A,,,. 1984, Progradation. geometries of carbonau platforms, examples; from `the Triassic of the dolomites northern. Italy,. Sedimentology, 31, 1-24.,
BURCHETTE, T.P., 1988» Tectonic control on carbonat platform faciès distribution and sequence devclopmen Miocene,, Gulf of Suez, Sedimentary GeoL, 59,,, 179-204,
ClSNE, I.L.,, 1986, Eearthquakes recorded statigraphically o: carbonate platforms, Nature» 323» 320-322.
DEMICOO, R.V., 1985,,. Platform and off-platform carbonates c the Upper Cambrian of Western Maryland, USA Sedimentology, 3:2, 1-22.
DEMtRKOL, C, 1989,,, Pozaxiti-Karsanti-Karaisali yöresinin karbonat platformunun stratigrafisi ve jeolojik evrimi (Doğu Toroslar) MTA Derg,, 109, 25-36.
DÎETZ, R.S., and HOLDEN, I.C, 1973, Geotectonic evolution and subsidence of Bahama platform: Reply, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull,, 84, 3477-3482.
FERNANDEZ-MENDÎOLA, P.A.,, .and GARClA-MONDEJAR, I, 1.989,,, Evolution ol a Mid-Cretaceous carbonate platform, Gorbea (Northern. Spain), Sedimentary GeoL,, 64, 111-126
GAWTHORPE, R.L., 1986, Sedimentation during carbonate ramp-to-slope evolution in a tectonic all y active area: Bowland Basin (Dinan.ti.an), N.England, Sedimentology, 33,, 185-206
HECKEL, P.H., 19972» Pennsylvanian statigraphic reefs in Kansas» some modern comparisons and implications» Geol. Runshau, 61, 584-598
HURST, IM.,, and. SURLYK, F., 1983, Initaiîon evolution and destruction of an early Paleozoic carbonate shelf, eastern North Greenland, Journal of GeoL, 91, 671-691.
JAMES, N.P.,1979, Faciès models 11,, Reefs, in R.G.Walker ed., Faciès models, Geoscicnce Can.Repr.Ser., 1, 121-132
JANS A, L,,, 1981, Mesozxric carbonate platforms and. banks of the eastern North American margin,,, Marine GeoL, 44,, 97-117.
KENDALL,,C.G..St.C.,and SCHLÄGEREI 981, Carbonates and relative changes in sea level, Marine GeoL, 44, 181-212.
K.LÖVAN, J.E,,,, 1974,, Development of western Canadian Devonian reefs and comparison with Holocene analoques, AAPG Bull., 58, 787-799.
KÖÇYÎĞÎT, A,.,, 1981,, İsparta büklümünde (Batı Toroslar) Toros Karbanat Platformunun evrimi» Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bük., 24, 15-23,
MULLINS, HX, and LYNTS, G,.W,., 1977, Origin of the norilıwestcm Bahama Platform-Review and rcintcrpretation, GSABulL, 88» 1447-1461
PLAYFORD,,, P.E.., 1980,. Dconian Great Barrier Reef of Canning basin, Western Australia, AAPG Bull., 64,, 814-840
.READ,,, J.F., 1982, Carbonate platforms of passive (cxtansional) continental margins-types, characteristics and. evolution,, Tectonophysics, 81, 195-217
READ, J.F., 1985, Carbonate platform fades models, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrl.GeoL, 69, 1.-21
ROBERTSON, A,.H..F.,, 1987, Upper Cretaceous Muti. Formation, Transition of a Mesozoic Nate platform to a foreland Basin in the Oman Mountains, Sedimentology,, 34, 1123-1142,
SCHLAGER» W., 1981, The paradox of drowned reefs and carbonate platforms, GSA Bull., 92, 197-211
TEKELİ, O..,,, 1980, Toros larcla,, Aladağların yapısal evrimi, Türkiye Jeol. Kurumu Bült, 23, 11-14
WALDRON, J..W..F.,, 1984, Evolution of carbonate platforms on. a margin of the Ncotethys ocean, İsparta angle, soutwestern Turkey,, Eclogae Geol. Helve.,,, 77, 553-581,.
ABSTRACT: Carbonate platforms evolved to rimmed, shelf from ramp and isolated platforms they are drowned with time. Commonly, we can. observe a transition from one type to another, Residental commuties be haves mainly as sediment .producers and as bafflers» trappers, and binders.. Carbonate ramps may be developed at times of tectonic or climatic crises,. Homoclinal ramps, develop on gently regional paleoslopes. Ramps with fringing banks may develop on paleoslopes with higher gradients than those with barrier banks., Distally steepened ramps develop where earlier rimmed shelves undergo widespread drowning,. Rimmed corbonate... shelves are mostly develop on continental shelves in low-latitude areas,, where reefal biota are abundant. High rate of upbuilding commonly associated with reefal biota, increases relief and steepens the margin. Margins may change with time to accretionary, bypass and erosional margins. Isolated platforms develop on rifted continental and transitional crust. Most oceanic atolls develop on subsiding oceanic volcanoes, Platforms undergo incipient or complete drowning where sea level rise or subsidence exceeds upbuilding. After rapid sea level rise buildups and rims shows three buildup phases; as a lag phase,, a catch-up phase and a keep-up phase. On the passive margins, corbonate platforms commonly develop over rift volcanics, immature elastics and evaporites. On convergent margins,, they show different evolution pattern.., The progradation of the platforms may be stopped by the volcanism, subsidence of the margins, the falling of the sea level and naturally lasting up of system through the time.
Search of source rock faciès and petroleum occurrence in Sivas basin, through organic
geochemical methods
Sivas Basin
Bedrock Facies
Oil Formation
Organic Geochemical Methods
Arpat, E., 1964» Gürlevîk dağı bölgesinin genel jeolojisi ve petrol imkanları: . M.T ...A. derleme rapor no: 4180, Ankara.
Artan,, t)`., ve Seslini, G.; 1971, Sivas-Zara-Beypınan bölgesinin jeolojisi: M.T.A. Derg., 76, s.80-97.
Barker, C., 1974, Py rois is techniques for source-rock. evaluation: A.A.P.G. Bull., 58» 11» s.2349-2361.
Bostick, N.H., 1979, Microscopic measurement of the level catagenesis of solid, organic matter in sedimentary rocks-a review: SEPM special publ. no, 26, s. 17-43.
Dow, W.G., 1978, Petroleum source beds on. continental slope and rises: A.A.P.G. Bull.» 62, 9, s. 1584-1606
Durand, B., Espitalie, J.., Nicaise, G,.,, 1972,, Etude de la matière organique insoluble des argiles de Toarciyen du Bassin de Paris: Rev.Ins.FrPétrole, 27, 6, s.865-884.
Durand, B. ve Espitalie» J., 1976, Geochemical studies on the organic matter from Daula Basin, II. Evolution of kerogen: Geoch. CosriLÄcta, 40» s. -801-808.,
Erentöz, C, ve Baykal, F., 1966, İzahlı 1/500..000 ölçekli. Türkiye jeoloji haritası Sivas
Espitalie, J., Madec, M, ve Tissot, B., 1977,, Source rock characterization: 9 th offshore technology conference,, s. 439-444
Gedik, A... ve Korkmaz, S.» 1984, Sinop havzasının jeolojisi ve petrol olanakları;: Jeoloji Müh. Derg,.» 19, s.53-79.
Gehman, H.M., 1962, Organic matter in limestone: Geoch.. et Cosm.Acta, 26, s.385-897
Gökçen, S.L., 19-81, Zara-Hafik güneyindeki Paleojen istifinin sedimantolojisi ve paleocoğrafik evrimi: H.Ü. Yerbilimleri, 8, s. 1-25
Hunt, J.M., 1979, Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology; Freeman, 617s,.
Jonathan,, D., Le Tran» K., Oudin, J.L, ve Van. der Weide» B.M., 1976,, Les méthodes d`étude physico-chimique de la matière organique: Bull. Centre ReechJPau., SNPAS 10,,, 1, s.89-108.
Korkmaz, S.,, 1984, Boyabat (Sinop) kuzeydoğusunun petrol yönünden jeolojik ve jeokimyasal incelemesi: doktora tezi, K.T.-Ü. Fen BİLEnst.,» 193 s., Trabzon,
Korkmaz, S. ve Gedik A,,. 1990`» Mut-Ermenek-Silifke(KonyaMersin) havzasında ana kaya fasiyesi ve petrol oluşumunun organik jeokimyasal yöntemlerle- incelenmesi: T.I.. Bülteni,, 33, !..
Kraus, G.P., ve Parke?, K.A., 1979, Geochemical evaluation of petroleum source rock in Bonaparte Gulf-Timor sea region: NW Australia, A.A.P.G. Bull., 63, 11, 5.2021-204 L
Kubler, B.., 1968, Evaluation quantitative du métamorphisme par la cristallinité de FilMte, Etat des progrès réalisés ces dernières années: Bull. Centre Rech.Pau SNPA, 2» s.385-397
Kurtman, F., 1971 a, Sivas-Divrigi arasındaki sahanın jeolojisi ve jipsti seri hakkında müşahadeler: M.T.,A,. Derg., 56, s.14-25.,
Kurtman, F., 1.961 b, Sivas civarındaki jippsli serinin stratigrafîk durumu: MT.A. Derg., 56, s.. 26-30
Kurtman, F., 1963, Tecer dağlarının jeolojisi ve alacalı seri hakkında bazı müşahadeler: TJ.K. Bült.. 8 (1/2) s.19-26
Kurtman, F., 1973, Sîvas-Hafik-Zara ve İmranlı bölgesinin jeolojik ve tektonik yapısı.:: M.T.A. Derg,,,, 80, s.. 1-32.
Laptante, R.E., 1973, Hydrocarbon generation related to carbonzation and faciès types in Danvcr Basin Upper Cretaceous: A.A.P.G. Bull., 57, 4,, s. 790-796..
Laptante, R.E., 1974» Hydrocarbon generation in : Gulf Coast Tertiary sediments: A.A.P.G. Bull., 58, 7, s, 1281-1289.
Me iver, R.D., 1967, Composition of kerogen-clus to its role in. the origin of petroleum: Procedings of the 7th World Petr.Cong., Mexico, 2, s.25-36.
Nebert, K., 19,56,, Sivas vilayetinin. Zara-tmranlı mıntıkasındakı , jips serisinin, stratigrafik durumu, hakkında: M.T.A. Derg., 48, s., 76-82,.
Norman, T., |(1964, Celalli (Hafik) bölgesinin jeolojisi: M.T.A; derleme- rapor.. (Yayınlanmamış), Ankara
Okay, A.C., 1952» Sivas 62/2 paftası lövesi raporu, M.T.A, derleme rapor (Yayınlanmamış), Ankara.
Pelin,, S.,, 1981, Pasinler (Erzurum) .havzasında ana kaya özelliklerinin ve petrol oluşumunun açıklanması: K.T.Ü.; Yer Bilimleri Derg., Jeoloji, 1, 2, s.127-143.
Peters, K.E., 1986, Guidelines for evaluating petroleum source! rock using programmed pyrolsis: A..A.P.G. Bull., 70, 3,i S.318İ329
Philippi, G..T.,, 1974.. On the depth time .and mechanism of; petroleum generation: Geoch. Cosmo. Acta, 29,^ s. 1021-1049
Powcl, T.G., Fosolos, A.E., Günther,,, P.R. ve Snowdon, L.R.,; 1978, Diagenesis of organic matter and fine clay, mineral.es,, a comparative study: Geochcm. Cosmo.. Acta, 42, s.l 181-11.97..
Raynaud, J.F., ve Robert, P.,, 1976, Les méthodes d`études optiques de la matière organique: Bull. Centre Rech. Rau., SNPA,, 10, 1, s.. 109-127
Robert,, P., 1980, The optical evolution of kerogen and. geothermal histories applied to oil and gas exploration: ; In:-Durand B., (Ed..) q.v., chapter 11, s,,340-414
Ronov, A.B., 1958,, Organic carbon in sedimentary rocks: ; Geochemistry, 5, s.496-509.
Sonel, N., Sarı» A.., Coşkun, B. ve Tozlu,, E., 1989, Boyabat (Sinop) havzası Ekinveren, fayının petrol aramalanndaki ; önemi: T.J, Bülteni, 32, 1,-2, s.39-49.
Teichmüller, M... ve Teichmüller, RM 1.979,,, in diagenesis in : sediments and sedimentary rocks: Larsen and Chilin.., : s.207-246
Thomas,,, B.M. 1979, Geochemical analysis of hydrocarbon occurrences in northern Perth Basin, Australia: A.A.P.G.. ; Bull.,,, 63, 7,, s. 1092-1107.
Tissot, B..,, Califet-Debyser, Y., Deroo, G. ve Oudin, .IL.,, 1971, ; Origin and evolution of hydrocarbons in early Toarcian : shales: A,A,.P.,G, Bull, 55, s.2177-2193.
Tissot, B.. s , Durand.. IB., Espitalie» I. ve Comba,, A.,, 1974, Influence of mature and. diagenesis of organic matter in formation of petroleum,: A.A.P.G. Bull., 58, s.499-506.
Tissot» B. ve Weite, D.H., 1978, Petroleum Formation and Occurrence: Springer Verlag, Berlin, 538 s.
Urban., J.B., 1976, Palynology, thermal maturation by vitrinitc reflectance and visual color estimation and kerogen description, of source rocks: Core Lab Inc.. sp. publ.
Ünalan, G, 1982, Kalecik-Tüney-Sulakyurt (Ankara) arasındaki bölgenin petrol olanaklarını araştırılması.:: Doçentlik tezi, I.Ü.F.F., 88 s.
Vanderbroucke, M., Albrecht, P. ve Durnad, B.., 1.976, Geochmical studies on the organic matter from, the Doula Basin III. Comparison with the early Toarcian shales: GeockCosm.., Acta, 40, s. 1241-İ249.
Weite, .D.H., 1965,, Relation between petrolem. and source rock: A.A.P.G. Bull., 63, 2, s.239-245.
Yalçın, M., 1982, Jeokimya yöntemleriyle Adana havzası petrol potansiyelinin araştırılması: doçentlik tezi,, I.Ü.F.F,, İstanbul,
ABSTRACT: In Sivas basin a sequence, comprising detritic and evaporitic sedim.en.ts, approximately 6000 metres in thickness resting upon, a metamorphic and ophiolitic basement, crops out. In this sequence, the occurrences` of two different formations appropriate for being a hydrocarbon source rock: have been determined.. In the. basin, samples collected from, these units have been analyzed in la.borat.ori.es,, On the basis, of these analysis the. potentials of these formations for creation of petroleum .and natural gas,, have been, searched.
The geology of the pumice deposits of Gölcük-Isparta Vicinity
Isparta-Gölcük
Ponza Bearings
Geological Location
Limestones
Volcanism
Bales, R.L., 1969, Geology of the Industrial Rocks and Minerals.:: 2 nd Ed., New York, Dover Publication.,
Karaman, E.» 1986,» Burdur dolayının Genel Stratigrafisi: Ak. Univ., Isp.Mlih.Fak. Dergisi, 2, 23-36
Koçyiğit, A., 1984 Güneybatı Türkiye ve Yakın Dolayında levha. İçi Yeni Tektonik Gelişim: Türkiye Jeol.Kur.Bült., 27,,, 1-15
Poisson, A., Akay, E,., Dumont, J.F., Uysal, Ş., 1984 The Ispart a Angle: a Mesozoik paleorift in the Western Taurides: International symposium.,, Geology of the Taurus Belt 11-26: M.T.A. Yayını-Ankara
Saniz, K., 1985, Keçiborlu Kükürt yataklarının oluşmu ve yörenin jeolojisi: Anadolu. Oniv. Müh.Mim.Fak.yayınlan, No: 22
Şenel» M., 1984» Discussion om the Antalya Nappes: International symposiums Geology of the Taurus Belt, 41-51: MTA yayını-Ankara
Yalçınkaya, S., Ergin, A.,, Afşar, O.P., Taner, K., 1.986 Batı Torosların jeolojisi, MTA Genel Müdürlüğü, İsparta Projesi Raporu.
ABSTRACT: Triassic-Cretaceous aged Akdağ limestones and Burdigalian aged flysch unit occur at the basement,, Gölcük- Isparta around. In the vicinity of Gölcük, Pliocene, volcanism has an, .andezitic .and trachiandezitic character. Its products are lava, dyke and. pyrociastics. The volcanism. erupted several times,,, in the area. Pyroclaslic units in connection with the Gölcük volcanism are divided into volcanic brechia and. aglomerates, over volcano- sedimentary unit, pumice levels and. upper volcano-sedimentary unit. In. this pyroclastic unit, the pumice deposits present mainly in. two different horizons; block-bearing pumice and economic pumice, Pümice deposits formed depending on explosive trachi-andesitic volcanism. Gölcük-Isparta pumice deposits can supply for the light building materials needs of the central Mediterranean and Lakes districts, not only by their quality but also their reserves.
Side Scanning Sonar, Its Application and Importance In Marine Geology
Lateral Carrier
Sea Geology
Acoustic Waves
Sea Base Geology
Amar, R..,» 1973,,, Recent, trench, sea-bed, reconnaissance, methods and. techniques: Rep. from Ind Pet Europe-Gaz Chimie,, 439, 5s
Amar, R., Kuhn, H., 1974, Sidescan sonar is a powerful, in seafloor investigation; Ref. from the May, 1974 Offshore, 2s.
Deffrenne, P., 1970, Un exemple de choix de trace de conduite sous- marine par sonar à balayage lateral: Photo Interprétation, 6, 3, 17.
Deffrenne, P., Grau, G., 1970, Obtention, traintement et inteptétation des images, acoustiques de sonar â balayage latéral: Pho Lit, 6, 1-2,12.
Fontanel, A., Kuhn,,, H., 1970, Un exemple d`utilisation du sonar à balayage latéral pour l`établissement de cartes bathymetriques détaillées: Pho Int, 6, 1-2, 12.,
Hovland, M.,, 1981, Characteristics of pockmarks in. the enorwegian trench: Mar Geol, 39, 103-117.
ABSTRACT: .As sonic waves propagate very well in water, acoustic methods are therefore the most valuable tool for sea bed - reconnaissance. Side scanning sonar is a powerful tool for precise and detailed investigation, of sea floor» for both, geological, and geotechnical purposes on continental shelves and in. deeper waters., Ultra sonic pulses (frequency range:: 30-100 kHz) are laterally transmitted at. regular` time, intervals, by one or two groups of transducers fitted in a tow `"fish."`,. The beam is a very narrow in the horizontal plane (I to 2°) and wider in. the vertical plane (10 to 40°). As the ship moves forward,, the sonic beam sweeps the sea floor. "Lateral sonars have no penetration and give only the visible details of the sea floor. The tool, is an. effective support in. the bathymetry,, sea floor1 geology,, sea floor engineering search (harbor and dredging studies, platform site investigation, cable and pipeline route selection.).,