Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi
TMMOBABSTRACT: Karren (or lapies) is a general term, describing small-scale (< 10 m) karstic surface features.They are common on limestone surfaces. The main types of karrens are solution flutes (rillenkarren),trittkarren (heelprints), solution runnels (rinnenkarren, rundkarren, meanderkarren), spitzkarren(solution spikes, pinnacle karren), kluftkarren (solution slots, grikes), solution pan (kamenitza, tinajita)and solution pit (or hollow). They form by dissolution from surface water or water-sheets as solutionflutes, trittkarren, and solution pans, from channelized water as solution runnels, from enlargement ofstructural weakness as kluftkarren, from draining water along roots as solution pit, and from massiverocks between discontinuities as spitzkarren. The dissolution process develops on bare rocks or beneatha thin surface cover (soil, snow).
ABSTRACT: The formation of deposit and corrosion, which was formed depending on the chemicalcomposition of the geothermal water, is one of the most serious problems at the geothermal systems. Inthis study, ion chromotography (IC) and ınductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP_OES) analysis were carried out for water samples that are taken off Afyonkarahisar GeothermalHeating System. Analysis of the deposits formed in pipeline was carried out by using X-Ray DiffractionTechnique and total hardness of water was analyzed by TS 266 method. The results of XRD analysisshowed that the deposit of CaCO formed in the suburban geothermal pipelines while the deposit ofcontaining Na Ca(OH) , CaCO and MgAlSi formed in the inner city well water pipelines. Pitting anderosion corrosion occurred in the pipelines running well water decalcified with NaCl. Also same caseoccurred in the geothermal pipelines. The increase of amount of dissolved substance in the return waterindicated that St37 steel was exposed to erosion corrosion. The increase of total hardness favored theformation of deposit
ABSTRACT: There are important travertine deposits in the eastern Black Sea Region, especially in Bayburt,Gümüşhane and Şiran. In the region, production of natural stones has been increased in the last decadeand production of travertine reached to 450 millions tons in 2003. Traverten formations are controlledwith NE-SW directed fault systems crosscutting NAF. In this study, physico-mechanical properties andformation condition of Bahçecik travertine as the biggest travertine deposit in the region weredetermined.Bahçecik travertine was formed with carbonic acid-rich water percolated through rocks in limestone,the water dissolved the Berdiga limestones and becomes saturated with it. When the water resurfacedrelated with vertical faults, the sudden drop in pressure caused the water to release thegas and the calcium carbonate then recrystallized. Widely outcropping terraced-mount type travertine was formed by saturated water resurfaced on the low slopes topographical surface. Considering to itsmorphological properties and formation condition, reserve of terraced-mount type Bahçecik travertineis about 400000 m .Determination of uniaxial compressive strength of intact rocks can be quite difficult owing to timeconsuming and expensive to prepare specimens and to conduct this test. Thus, if there is a linearcorrelation between strength and index properties of travertine samples is tested. As a result of this study,it is concluded that there is a linear correlation between uniaxial compressive strength and sonic velocitytest results.
ABSTRACT: Approximately 10 different systems of classification of natural water types were developed. Stuyfzand Classification System combines some features of existing classifications with new, strongly diagnostic criteria for subdivision. And this classification plays very important role for determination of hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater plain. In this study hydrochemical evolution of Gümüşhacıköy Plain was determined using Stuyfzand Classification System and totally 79 well water, 37 well water analyze results between 1951 and 1972, and 49 well water analyze results between 2003 and 2004, were compared with each other considering this classification system. According to this classification system, the sequence concludes that freshening is going on from NaHCO + to MgHCO +. The south and southwest of the plain is formed CaHCO water type according to the first analyses results but CaHCO + water type dominates theconsequence of freshening to the second analyses results. Typical freshening is going on fromwest to east in time and the composition of the groundwater is turned in to CaHCO +water type.