Jeoloji Münendisliği Dergisi
Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi

Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi

2016 HAZİRAN Cilt 40 Sayı 1
COVER
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COPYRİHT PAGE
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CONTENTS
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Slope Stability Assessment of Rock Masses in Western Sector of Balıkesir Şamlı Eastern Open Pit Iron Mine
Dinçer Çağlan Levent Tosun Serdar Onur Avci Oğuz Turunç Gökhan Kanaat
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ABSTRACT: The slope stability of rock masses which the engineering constructions build on is controlled by thestrength parameters of discontinuity surfaces rather than shear strength parameters of rock bodies. Inaddition, it is known that the aperture, persistence, roughness, and if it presents, thickness and type of infill materials are the major parameters which control the strength of discontinuities. In this study, theshear strength parameters of discontinuities in the hornfels lithology in the Doğu Ocak (eastern sector ofBalıkesir-Şamlı-Iron Open Pit Mine) were determined by using the Barton empirical failure criterion. Theprobable rock slope failure modes were established by means of kinematic analyses performed consideringthe orientations and shear strength parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) of discontinuitysurfaces. It is proposed that the orientation of the slopes are 218° in northern side and 15° in southern sidewhereas bench slopes are 65° and 60° in W3 and W3-W4 weathering zones respectively, in accordancewith the stability analyses performed in the light of the information obtained from the models in the DoğuOcak.

  • Iron Open Pit Mine

  • Barton Empirical Failure Criterion

  • Kinematic Analyses

  • Slope Stability

  • Barton, N., Choubey, V., 1977. The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice. Rock Mechanics, 10, 1-54.

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  • Deprem Araştırma Dairesi Başkanlığı, 1996. Türkiye Deprem Bölgeleri Haritası

  • Emre, Ö., Doğan, A., Yıldırım, C., 2012. Biga Yarımadası’nın diri fayları ve deprem potansiyeli. (editör: E. Yüzer, G. Tunay). Biga Yarımadasının Genel ve Ekonomik Jeolojisi, 28, 63-191.

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  • Güler, E., Ceryan, Ş., 2015. Burhaniye (Balıkesir) yerleşim alanının sıvılaşma potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi. Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 36 (2), 81-96.

  • Herece, E., 1985. The Yenice-Gonen earthquake of 1953 and some examples of recent tectonic events in the Biga Peninsula of northwest Turkey: a thesis in geology. Penn State Universty

  • Hoek, E., Bray, J.W., 1981. Rock Slope Engineering. 3rd edition. London, Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 358-402 p.

  • ISRM, 1981. Rock characterization, testing and monitoring. International Society for Rock Mechanics Suggested Methods. Pergamon, Oxford. 211 p.

  • Lisle, R. J., 2004. Calculation of the daylight envelope for plane failure of rock slopes. Geotechnique, 54 (4), 279-280.

  • MTA, 2012. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Türkiye. http://yerbilimleri.mta.gov. tr/anasayfa.aspx, son erişim 15.05.2015

  • Rocsicence, 2015a. Dips, V. 6.0, Graphical and Statistical Analysis of Orientation Data, Rocscience Inc. Canada.

  • Rocscience, 2015b. Plane, V.3.0, Planar Sliding Stability Analysis For Rock Slopes, Rocscience Inc. Canada.

  • Rocscience, 2015c. Swedge, V.6.0, 3D Surface Wedge Analysis For Slope, Rocscience Inc. Canada.

  • Sarı, R., Tufan, E.A., Yenigün, K.G., 2010. Kentimizin heyelan, deprem ve taşkın alanları açısından irdelenmesi. Balıkesir Kent Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, EMO Yayın No: SK/2011/3, Balıkesir, 139-150.

  • Ulusay, R., Sönmez, H., 2007. Kaya Kütlelerinin Mühendislik Özellikleri. TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası Yayın No: 60, Ankara

  • Yılmazer, E., Güleç, N., Kuşcu, İ., Lentz, D. R. 2014. Geology, geochemistry, and geochronology of Fe oxide Cu (±Au) mineralization associated with Şamlı pluton, western Turkey. Ore Geology Reviews, 57, 191-215.



  • Çağlan, D , Tosun, L . (2016). Şamlı (Balıkesir) Demir Madeni Doğu Ocağı Batı Şevlerini Oluşturan Kaya Kütlelerinin Duraylılık Değerlendirmesi . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 40 (1) , 1-26 . DOI: 10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.295391

  • Çağlan, D , Tosun, L . Şamlı (Balıkesir) Demir Madeni Doğu Ocağı Batı Şevlerini Oluşturan Kaya Kütlelerinin Duraylılık Değerlendirmesi. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 40 (2016 ): 1-26

  • Monitoring of the Landslide Occurred in the Alipaşa Open-Pit Albite Mine by Using GPS and the Recognition of Causes of This Phenomenon
    Saffet Deniz Karagöz Mehmet Yalçin Koca
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    ABSTRACT: Landslide is the most common mass movement in open-pit mines. A serious slope-instability conditionis usually accompanied by gradual development of one or more tension cracks behind or near the crestof the slope, allowing for time-displacement monitoring. Surface-displacement movements employingGPS and other instruments with attendant prompt analysis of slope-movement velocities are usuallyadequate for predicting slope behavior. This study relates to investigate the causes of this phenomenaand monitoring of the slope movements in the landslide area in southeastern side of the Alipaşa openpit albite mine in Karpuzlu/Aydın. In this context, two relations were investigated in order to determineboth the mode of failure of mass movement and the recognition of landslide causes. The first one isbetween the trend and plunge of cumulative surface-displacement movement at each observation pointand dip angle-dip direction values of the foliation planes in gneiss unit. The second is, on the other hand,between the flowing directions of the stream beds in the former topography of the landslide area and dipdirections of the foliation planes located in and nearby of these beds. The affected area from the slide stillthreatens the mining operations. Absolute lateral and vertical movements within the sliding mass in thelandslide area were measured by using GPS. During the monitoring studies, rainfall amounts were alsomeasured and recorded. They have been evaluated in conjunction with the slope movement data. In orderto prevent and control the sliding-movement, the excavations were implemented in the landslide area withthe purpose of decreasing the slope height and the surface water was drained out of the landslide area.Thus, decelerating slope movements and the positive effects of the mitigation measures were attained andmonitored in this study. 

  • Open Pit Mine

  • Landslide Monitoring

  • Two Planes Slide

  • Rainfall

  • Allasia, P., Manconi, A., Giordan, D., Baldo, M., Lollino, G., 2009. ADVICE: A new approach for near-real-time monitoring of surface displacements in landslide hazard scenarios. Sensors, 13, 8285–8302.

  • Bell, R., Glade, T., 2004. Natural hazards and earth system sciences quantitative risk analysis for landslides – Examples from B´ıldudalur, NWIceland. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 117–131.

  • D.M.İ., 2014. Devlet Meteoroloji İstasyonu Kayıtları, Aydın.

  • Franklin, J. A., 1977. The monitoring of structures in rock: Intl. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 14, 163-192.

  • GEOVIA Surpac 6.6.1. (2013). GEOVIA Surpac Reference Manual.

  • Kadakçı, K. T., Koca, M. Y., 2014. Açık ocak albit işletmesindeki kaya şevlerinin sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak duraylılık değerlendirmesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 38, 1, 1-19.

  • Kıncal, C., 2014. Application of two new stereographic projection techniques to slope stability problems. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 66, 136-150.

  • Koca, M. Y., Kahraman, B., Karakuş, D., Özdoğan, M. V., 2010. General assessment of the stability of Overall slope of Ali Paşa Albite Mine. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, 156 s (unpublished).

  • Koca, M.Y., Kahraman, B., Kıncal C., 2012. Report of Overall Slope Stability Assessment of The Alipasa Open Pit Mine. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, 80 s (unpublished).

  • MapInfo Professional 8.0, 2000. MapInfo Professional 8.0 software manual.

  • Martin, D. C., 1993. Time dependent deformation of rock slopes. University of London, PhD Thesis, London.

  • NetCad GIS 7 (2015). NetCad GIS Yazılım Kullanma Kılavuzu.

  • Read, J., Stacey, P. F., 2009. Guidelines for Open Pit Design, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 496 p.

  • Savely, J. P., 1993. Slope management strategies for succesful mining. Proceedings Innovative Mine Design for the 21st Century, Balkema, Rotterdam, 25-34.

  • Sjöberg, J., 1996. Large scale slope stability in open pit mining – a review, technical report. Division of Rock Mechanics, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, 215 p.

  • Tanyaş, H., Ulusay, R., 2013. Assessment of structurally-controlled slope failure mechanisms and remedial design considerations at a feldspar open pit mine, Western Turkey. Engineering Geology, 155, 54– 68.

  • Wang J., Gao J., Liu Ch., Wang J., 2010. High precision slope deformation monitoring model based on the GPS/Pseudolites technology in open-pit mine. Mining Science and Technology 20, 0126–0132.

  • Wilson, S.D., 1970. Observational data on ground movements related to slope instability. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, American Society of Civil Engineers Proceedings, 96, 1521-1544.

  • Wylie, D. C., Munn, F. J., 1978. The use of movement to minimise production losses due to pit slope failures. Proceedings, First International Symposium on Stability in Coal Mining, eds. Brawner & Dorfling, Vancouver, 75-94.

  • Zavodni, Z. M., 2000. Time-Dependent Movements of Open-Pit Slopes. Slope Stability in Surface Mining. Hustrulid, W.A. (ed). SME, Littleton, CO, USA, Ch. 8. p.110.



  • Karagöz, S , Koca, M . (2016). Alipaşa Açık Ocak Albit Madeninde Meydana Gelen Heyelanın GPS Kullanılarak İzlenmesi ve Oluşum Nedenleri . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 40 (1) , 27-52 . DOI: 10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.295395

  • Karagöz, S , Koca, M . Alipaşa Açık Ocak Albit Madeninde Meydana Gelen Heyelanın GPS Kullanılarak İzlenmesi ve Oluşum Nedenleri. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 40 (2016 ): 27-52

  • Assessment of A Rock Slope in Terms of Toppling Failure by Kinematic and Numerical Analyses (Devgeriş, Samsun)
    Ayberk Kaya
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    ABSTRACT: Toppling is a failure mode observed in rock slopes with parallel and almost vertical discontinuities which are inclined in to the hill. The rock slope excavated in Eocene aged tuffs, is located in the Devgeriş (Samsun) district of Black Sea coast highway, and exposed to discontinuity-controlled failures. As a result of the quarry operation at the northwest side of studied rock slope, some cracks occurred along the direction of J2 (245/80) joint set. Therefore, the kinematic and FEM-based numerical analyses were carried out in order to investigate the possibility of discontinuity-controlled failures. The results of the kinematic analyses showed that toppling failure is possible along the J2 joint set. It was determined that the factor of safety value is 0.86 for the worst condition and 1.23 for current condition when possibility of toppling failure is investigated by numerical analyses. After bolting or slope flattening, the rock slope becomes stable

  • Support Design

  • Toppling

  • Rock Slope

  • Kinematic Analysis

  • Finite Element Method

  • Slope Stability

  • Aydan, Ö., Akagi, T., Kawamoto, T., 1993. The squeezing potential of rocks around tunnels; theory and prediction. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 26 (2), 137-163.

  • Barka, A., Sütçü Y. F., Gedik, İ., Tekin, T. F., Arel, E., Özdemir, M., Erkal, T., 1986. Sinop nükleer enerji santrali için jeolojik araştırmalar sonuç raporu, MTA, Rapor No: 7963, Ankara.

  • Barton, N., Bandis, S. C., 1990. Review of predictive capabilities of JRC-JCS model in engineering practice. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rock Joints, Loen, Norway, 603- 610.

  • CANMET, 1977. Pit slope manual: supplement 5-1, plane shear analysis. Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology Report, 16-77.

  • Deere, D. U., 1964. Technical description of rock cores for engineering purposed. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1, 17-22.

  • Franklin, J. A., Broch, E., Walton, G., 1971. Logging the mechanical character of rock. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 80 (A), 1-9.

  • Güven, İ. H., 1993. Doğu Pontidlerin jeolojisi ve 1/250000 ölçekli komplikasyonu, MTA, Ankara.

  • Hoek. E., Bray, J. W., 1981. Rock Slope Engineering. Institution of Mining, Metallurgy, London, 358 p.

  • Hoek, E., Carranza-Torres, C., Corkum, B., 2002. Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Proceedings of the 5th North American Rock Mechanics Symposium and 17th Tunneling Association of Canada Conference, Toronto, Canada, 267-273.

  • Hoek, E., Diederichs, M. S., 2006. Empirical estimation of rock mass modulus. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, 43, 203-215.

  • Hoek, E., Carter, T.G., Diederichs, M. S., 2013. Quantification of the Geological Strength Index chart. 47th US Rock Mechanics and Geomechanics Symposium, San Francisco, USA.

  • ISRM, 2007. The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974-2006 (Editors: Ulusay and Hudson), International Society for Rock Mechanics, Kozan Ofset, Ankara, 628 p.

  • Mines Branch, 1972. Tentative design guide for mine waste embankments in Canada. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Canada, 200 p.

  • Palmström, A., 2005. Measurements of and Correlations Between Block Size and Rock Quality Designation (RQD), Tunnels and Underground Space Technology, 20, 362-377.

  • Priest, S. D., Hudson, J. A., 1976. Discontinuity spacing in rock. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, Abstracts, 13, 135-148.

  • Rocscience, 2002. RocLab v1.0 rock mass strength analysis using the generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Rocscience Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

  • Rocscience, 2011. Phase2 v8.0 2D finite element program for calculating stresses and estimating support around the underground excavations. Geomechanics Software and Research, Rocscience Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

  • Ulusay, R., Tuncay, E., Sonmez, H., Gokçeoglu, C., 2004. An attenuation relationship based on Turkish strong motion data and iso-acceleration map of Turkey. Engineering Geology, 74 (3–4), 265-291.



  • Kaya, A . (2016). Bir Kaya Şevinin Devrilme Türü Duraysızlık Açısından Kinematik ve Sayısal Analizlerle Değerlendirilmesi (Devgeriş, Samsun) . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 40 (1) , 53-68 . DOI: 10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.295401

  • Kaya, A . Bir Kaya Şevinin Devrilme Türü Duraysızlık Açısından Kinematik ve Sayısal Analizlerle Değerlendirilmesi (Devgeriş, Samsun). Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 40 (2016 ): 53-68

  • Evaluation of Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Granitic Aggregates
    Nuray Mannasoğlu Murat Yilmaz Atiye Tuğrul
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    ABSTRACT: Aggregate has widely used in concrete composition and its properties directly affects the durabilityof concrete. Geological factors such as aggregate type, mineralogy and texture have significant effects onconcrete strength and durability. In this study, granitic rocks collected from different parts of Turkey, havebeen investigated from the point of alkali-silica reactions in concrete. Firstly, mineralogical, petrographicand chemical characteristics of granitic rocks were investigated. Then, accelerated mortar bar testswere performed on these granite samples. The effects of alkali-silica reactions were also investigatedby scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to results obtained, granites, when used as concreteaggregate, are not generally found to be potentially dangerous for alkali-silica reactions.

  • Aggregate

  • Alkali-Silica Reaction

  • Granite

  • Turkey

  • Arnould, M., 1997. Alkali reaction with silico alkaline aggregates results of recent researches in France. Proceedings’97 International Three Gorges Project Technical Seminar, Yichang, China, 184- 195.

  • ASTM C 1260, 1994. Standard method for potential alkali-silica reactivity of aggregates (mortar bar method). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.02, Concrete and Aggregates, 648- 651.

  • ASTM C 289, 1994. Potential alkali-silica reactivity of aggregates (chemical method). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.02, Concrete and Aggregates, 157-163.

  • ASTM C 295, 1994. Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for Concrete. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.02, Concrete and Aggregates, 1-8.

  • Bell, F.G, 1998. Engineering Geology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 579 p.

  • Ben Haha, M., 2006. Mechanical effects of alkali silica reaction in concrete studied by semimage analysis. Swiss Institute of Technology Lausanne, These No. 3516.

  • Binal, A., 2008. The determination of gel swelling pressure of reactive aggregates by ASGPM devices and a new reactive-innocuous aggregate decision chart. Construction and Building Materials, 22, 1-13.

  • BS 812 Part 123, 1999. Method for the determination of alkali - silica reactivity: Concrete prism method. British Standards Institution, 18 p.

  • BS 7943, 1999. Guide to the interpretation of petrographical examinations for alkali-silica reactivity. British Standards Institution, 20 p.

  • Buck, A.D., 1986. Petrographic criteria for recognition of alkali-reactive strained quartz, evaluation of quartzite and granite aggregates containing strained quartz. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction, Ottaw

  • CSA (Canadian Standards Association), 1994. Test method for detection of alkali-silica reactive aggregate by accelerated expansion of mortar bars. A23.2-25A, Methods of Test for Concrete, Canadian Standards Association, Ontario, Canada, 236-242.

  • Diamond, S., and Thaulow, N., 1974. A study of expansion due to alkali-silica reaction as conditioned by the grain size of the reactive aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research, 4, 591-607.

  • Erkan, Y., 2004. Magmatik Petrografi, TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası Yayınları, 93, Ankara, 176 s.

  • Fookes, P.G., 1980. An introduction to the influence of natural aggregates on the performance and durability of concrete. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 123, 207-229.

  • Fournier, B., and Berube, M.A., 2000. Alkaliaggregate reaction in concrete: a review of basic concepts and engineering implications. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 27, 167-191.

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  • Gogte, B.S., 1973. An evaluation of some common Indian rocks with special reference to alkali– aggregate reactions. Engineering Geology, 7, 135–153.

  • Hobbs D.W., and Gutteridge, W.A., 1979. Particle size of aggregate and its influence upon the expansion caused by the alkali-silica reaction. Magazine of Concrete Research, 31, 235-242.

  • Hornibrook, F.B., Insley, H., and Schuman, L., 1943. Report on committee C-1 on cement (appendix). Proceedings American Society Test Materials 43, 218 p.

  • Ineson, P.R., 1990. Siliceous components in aggregates. Cement and Concrete Composites, 12, 185-190.

  • Joyce, A.S., 1996. Petrographic aspects of alkalisilica reaction in Eastern Australian concretes. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Melbourne, 767-774.

  • Katayama, T., and Kaneshige, Y., 1986. Diagenetic changes in potential alkali-aggregate reactivity of volcanic rocks in Japan-A geological interpretation. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction, P.E., Grattan-Bel

  • Landgren, R., and Sweet, S., 1952. Investigation of durability of Wyoming aggregates. Proceedings Highway Restoration Board, 31, 202–217.

  • Lorenzi, G., Jensen, J., Wigum, B., Sibbick, R., Haugen, M., Guédon, S., and Åkesson, U., 2001. Petrographic atlas of the potentially alkalireactive rocks in Europe. PARTNER-project- GRD1-CT-2001-40103.

  • Lu, D., Fournier, B., and Grattan-Bellew, P.E., 2006. Evaluation of accelerated test methods for determining alkali-silica reactivity of concrete aggregates. Cement and Concrete Composites, 28, 546-554.

  • Marzouk, H., and Langdon, S., 2003. The effect of alkali-aggregate reactivity on the mechanical properties of high and normal strength concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 25, 549-556.

  • McConnell, D., Mielenz, R. C., Holland, W.Y., and Grene, K.T., 1950. Petrology of concrete affected by cement aggregate reaction. In Application of Geology to Engineering Practice, S. Paige (ed.), Berkey Volume, Memoir American Geological Society, 22

  • Mielenz, R.C., 1954. Petrographic examination of concrete aggregate. Proceedings American Society Test Materials, 54, 1188–1218.

  • Moranville-Regourd, M., 1997. Modelling of expansion induced by ASR-new approaches. Cement and Concrete Research, 19, 415-425.

  • Mullick, A.K., Wason, R.C., Sinha, S.K., and Rao, L.H., 1986. Evaluation of quartzite and granite aggregates containing strained quartz. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Ottawa, 428-433.

  • Neville, A. M., 1981. Properties of Concrete. Longman Scientific & Technical, London, England.

  • Nixon, P.J., and Page, C.L., 1987. Pore solution chemistry and alkali aggregate reaction. American Concrete Institute Special Publication, 100, 1833-1862.

  • Prince, W., Castanier, G., and Giafferi, J.L., 2001. Similarity between alkali-aggregate reaction and the natural alteration of rocks. Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 271-276.

  • Rivard, P., Ollivier, J.P., and Ballivy, G., 2002. Characterization of the ASR rim application to the Potsdam sandstone. Cement and Concrete Research, 32, 1-9.

  • Rhoades, R., 1942. Discussion of a paper by Stanton, Porter, Meder and Nicol: California experience with the expansion of concrete through reaction between cement and aggregate. Journal of American Concrete Institute Proceedings, 38, 7–11.

  • Shayan, A., and Lancucki, C.J., 1986. Alkaliaggregate reaction in the Causeway Brigde, Perth, Western Australia. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Ottawa, 392-397.

  • Shrimer, F. H., Ooi, O., and Gerry, W. J., 2000. Control of alkali-aggregate reactivity, Pointe Seraphine Berth improvements, St. Lucia. 11th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction, M.A. Bérubé, B. Fournier, B. Durand (eds.), Quebec, C

  • Stanton, T.E., 1940. Influence of cement and aggregate on concrete expansion. Engineering News Record, February 1, 59–61.

  • Stark, D., Morgan, B., Okamoto, P., and Diamon, S., 1993. Eliminating or minimizing alkali-silica reactivity. Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council Washington.

  • Streckeısen, A., 1967, Classification and Nomenclature of Igneous Rocks, Neues Jahrbuch Fur Mineralogie-Abhandlungen, 107, 144-240.

  • Struble, L.J., and Diamond S., 1981. Swelling properties of synthetic alkali-silica gel. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 64(11), 611- 55.

  • Swamy, R.N., 1992. Alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete; material and structural ımplications, sciences in concrete technology. Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa Canada, 533-581.

  • TS 2517, 1977. Alkali agrega reaktivitesinin kimyasal yolla tayini. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, 8 s.

  • Wakizaka, Y., 1998. Reactivity of rocks and minerals in alkaline solution. Journal Research, Public Works Research Institutes, 34-146.



  • Mannasoğlu, N , Yılmaz, M , Tuğrul, A . (2016). Granitik Agregaların Alkali Silis Reaksiyonu Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 40 (1) , 69-88 . DOI: 10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.295410

  • Mannasoğlu, N , Yılmaz, M , Tuğrul, A . Granitik Agregaların Alkali Silis Reaksiyonu Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 40 (2016 ): 69-88

  • Investigation of the Relationships Between Consolidation and Plastic Properties of the Clays in Ünye (Ordu)
    Muhammet Oğuz Sünnetci Nazife Dikenoğlu Korkut
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    ABSTRACT: Many studies have been carried out in recent years on estimating consolidation properties of claysfrom their plastic and index properties, and to prefigure about consolidation behaviour of soils. The simpleempirical equations between these parameters can be calculated and applied to specific soil types easily,thus saving time on estimating the consolidation properties of soils prior to detailed laboratory tests.Although there are quite a number of studies presented in the literature, most of these studies have beendone on pure clays (e.g. glass clay), which restrict the applicability of the calculated equations. In thisstudy, a different approach was applied to the clayey soils near Cevizdere region in Ünye (Ordu, Turkey),and the consolidation properties via standard one dimensional consolidation (oedometer) test, Atterberglimits, specific gravities, grain size distribution via wet sieve analysis and hydrometer tests, and the typeof clay minerals via X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of 15 natural soil samples were determined. Thesoil samples overall consist of 28 % sand-sized, 38 % silt-sized, and 34 % clay-sized particles. The liquidlimits of the samples vary between 63 % and 76 %, and plastic limits between 24 % and 34 %. Accordingto the IAEG (1976) plasticity classification, the soil samples are classified as highly-very highly plastic.The XRD analyses show the clay minerals in the soil samples are of montmorillonite type. The oedometertest results indicate that the soil samples have compression index (Cc) values ranging between 0.189and 0.625, re-compression index (Cr) values ranging between 0.011 and 0.041, and over-consolidationratio (OCR) values ranging between 4.16 and 95. The studied soil is classified as moderately-highlyover-consolidated according to the over-consolidation limit classification. The pre-consolidation stressesand liquid limits of the soil samples were investigated statistically and the coefficient of correlation iscalculated as 0.5

  • Index Properties

  • Clay

  • Consolidation

  • Unye

  • Abdioğlu, E., 2002. Kavaklar (Ünye-Fatsa, Ordu) yöresindeki kil oluşumlarının mineralojik, jeokimyasal ve kökensel incelenmesi. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 127 s (yayımlanmamış).

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 2003. ASTM D2435-03, Standard Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 2007. D422-63, Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 2010. D4318-10, Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.

  • ASTM D4318-10 Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010.

  • ASTM D2487-11 Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011.

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  • Sünnetçi, M , Ersoy, H . Ünye (Ordu) Killerinin Konsolidasyon ve Plastik Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkilerin Araştırılması. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 40 (2016 ): 89-102

  • The Effects of Rainfall on Water Quality and Weathering in the Sarma Stream Basin, Duzce, Turkey
    Rüstem Pehlivan
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    ABSTRACT: The Sarma Stream is located in southwest of Akcakoca town in Duzce City, Turkey. Its drainage basin is approximately 121.2 km2 The Sarma stream flows muddy in to the Black Sea with an output of 85 l/s during rainy season . It was decided that the Sariyayla reservoir should be built on the Sarma Stream for the drinking water needs of Akcakoca. Chemical compounds in natural water are altered by interactions with geologic units, by physical and chemical weathering and environmental factors. Generally, research on acid rain and its effect has been done in Istanbul. In this study, effects of acid rainfall on the hydrogeochemistry of the Sarma stream water were investigated. Therefore, samples of rock, soil, rainfall, stream water, suspended and bed sediments were taken in the Sarma Stream basin. The pH of rainfall and snowmelt in the research area are below 5.6. Acid rain affects the dissolution of the geological units and the abundance of principal ions in stream water. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values of the bed sediment sample and suspended sediment sample are 76 and 77, respectively. Sandstone, which erodes easily and is rich in clay minerals, causes the Sarma Stream to become muddy during the rainy season. The suspended sediment amount of the Sarma Stream in the rainy season is 70 mg/l. The water of the Sarma Stream is rich in calcium and bicarbonate. Rain water is richer in NH4, NO3 and SO4 ions than snowmelt. Snowmelt is richer than rain water in heavy metals such as Al, Ba, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Si, U and Zn. The concentration of heavy metals and some elements such as Al, Ba, B, Fe, Mn and Zn are 10 ppb and more in rain, snowmelt and stream water. Some ions in the Sarma Stream basin waters exceed the drinking indicator water limit values (e.g. Al, Fe and Mn ions). Hence, water in the Sariyayla Reservoir might need to be treated

  • Acid Rain

  • Weathering

  • Sarma Stream

  • Water Quality

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  • Pehlivan, R . (2016). Sarma Deresi Havzasındaki Yağışın Ayrışma ve Su Kalitesine Etkisi, Düzce, Türkiye . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 40 (1) , 103-121 . DOI: 10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.295415

  • Pehlivan, R . Sarma Deresi Havzasındaki Yağışın Ayrışma ve Su Kalitesine Etkisi, Düzce, Türkiye. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 40 (2016 ): 103-121

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