TMMOB
Bazaltik Kayaçların Mineralojik ve Petrografik Özelliklerinin Akustik Emisyon Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Bazalt
Akustik emisyon
Mineraloji-petrograf
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Tuncay, E., Ulusay, R., 2002. Acoustic Emission (AE) technique: 1- Basic principles and its areas of application in rock engineering, Yerbilimleri, Bulletin of Earth Sciences Application and Research Center of Hacettepe University, 25, 65-82.
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Tuncay, E., Obara, Y., 2012. Comparison of stresses obtained from acoustic emission and compact conical-ended borehole overcoring techniques and an evaluation of Kaiser Effect level. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 71(2), 367-377
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Wang, H.T., Xian, X.F., Yin, G.Z., Xu, J., 2000. A new method of determining geostresses by the acoustic emission Kaiser Effect. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 37, 543-547.
Erişiş, S , Tuğrul, A , Yılmaz, M , Er, S . (2019). Bazaltik Kayaçların Mineralojik ve Petrografik Özelliklerinin Akustik Emisyon Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılması . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 43 (1) , 1-22 . DOI: 10.24232/jmd.572450
Erişiş, S , Tuğrul, A , Yılmaz, M , Er, S . Bazaltik Kayaçların Mineralojik ve Petrografik Özelliklerinin Akustik Emisyon Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 43 (2019 ): 1-22
ÖZ: Günümüzde yapılmakta olan mühendislik projeleriyle birlikte doğal kaynak ihtiyacı da giderek artmaktadır.İhtiyaçları karşılamak için, dayanımı ve dayanıklılığı yüksek olması nedeniyle bazaltik kayalar tercih edilmektedir.Bu bağlamda, mühendislik uygulamalarında ve gerektiğinde farklı sektörlerde de kullanılabilecek bazaltların çatlakbaşlangıçlarının, yenilme eşik değerlerinin ve yük altındaki davranışlarının yanı sıra, bunları etkileyen mineralojikve petrografik özelliklerinin de bilinmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada farklı mineralojik ve petrografik özellikleresahip bazaltik kayaların mekanik davranışlarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmalar Marmara Bölgesive çevresindeki bazalt taş ocaklarından getirilmiş örnekler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mineralojik ve kimyasalbileşimleri belirlenen bazaltların, görüntü analizi yapılarak petrografik özellikleri sayısallaştırılmıştır. Laboratuvarçalışmaları sonucunda mekanik değerleri bulunmuş ve akustik emisyon yöntemiyle çatlak başlangıcı ve yenilme eşikdeğeri yükleri tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre çatlak başlangıcı eşik değeri katsayıları 0.33σc - 0.54σc veyenilme eşik değeri katsayıları da 0.83σc - 0.98σc arasında bulunmuştur.
Şişen Killerin İyileştirilmesinde Jips Kolonu Performansının Araştırılmasına İlişkin Laboratuvar Model Çalışması
Killi zeminler
İyileştirme
Şişme
Jips Kolonu
Laboratuvar Model
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Yılmaz, İ . (2019). ŞİŞEN KİLLERİN İYİLEŞTİRİLMESİNDE JİPS KOLONU PERFORMANSININ ARAŞTIRILMASINA İLİŞKİN LABORATUVAR MODEL ÇALIŞMASI . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 43 (1) , 23-38 . DOI: 10.24232/jmd.485590
Yılmaz, İ . ŞİŞEN KİLLERİN İYİLEŞTİRİLMESİNDE JİPS KOLONU PERFORMANSININ ARAŞTIRILMASINA İLİŞKİN LABORATUVAR MODEL ÇALIŞMASI. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 43 (2019 ): 23-38
ÖZ: Killi zeminler üzerine inşa edilen özellikle hafif yapıların temel tasarımlarında dikkate alınması gerekenen önemli zemin davranışı şişme özelliği ve buna bağlı olarak yüzeyde meydana gelecek zemin kabarmalarıdır.Bu nedenle, bu yapılarla ilgili zemin araştırmalarında söz konusu killi zeminin şişme özelliklerinin ve uyguniyileştirme yönteminin belirlenmesi çok büyük önem taşımaktadır. Literatürde kireç, çimento, uçucu kül, jips, bitüm,reçine, kimyasallar, vb. ile ilgili birçok zemin iyileştirme yöntemlerine sıklıkla rastlanmaktadır. Şişen zeminleriniyileştirilmesinde kullanılan bu yöntemlerin başında iyileştirme kimyasalları ve finansal boyutun önemi büyüktür.Bu nedenle düşük maliyette en iyi iyileştirmenin yapılması birincil amaçtır. Bu çalışma kapsamında killi zeminleriniyileştirilmesinde jips kolonlarının performansının araştırılmasına ilişkin bir laboratuvar model çalışmasınıngerçekleştirilmesi planlanmıştır. Amaca yönelik olarak; laboratuvarda hazırlanan bir arazi modeline yerleştirilen jipskolonu ile kolondan itibaren mesafeye bağlı olarak zeminin şişmesinde meydana gelen değişimler belirlenmiştir. Eldeedilen model verilerine dayalı olarak da jips kolon tekniğinin iyileştirme performansı araştırılmış ve tartışılmıştır
Düzce Kent Merkezi Zeminlerinin Sıvılaşma Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi
Sıvılaşma
Düzce
Sıvılaşma Potansiyeli İndeksi
Sıvılaşma Şiddeti İndeksi
Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu
Deprem
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Akın, M . (2019). Düzce Kent Merkezi Zeminlerinin Sıvılaşma Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 43 (1) , 39-56 . DOI: 10.24232/jmd.572465
Akın, M . Düzce Kent Merkezi Zeminlerinin Sıvılaşma Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 43 (2019 ): 39-56
ÖZ: Zemin sıvılaşması depremler sırasında suya doygun bazı zeminlerde meydana gelen ve önemli düzeydeyüzey deformasyonlarına neden bir olaydır. Temel zeminin taşıma gücünü yitirmesi sebebiyle yapılarda oturma vedevrilme gibi önemli hasarlara yol açabilmektedir. Düzce ve yakın çevresi yeraltısuyu seviyesinin oldukça yüzeyeyakın olduğu ve çoğunlukla siltli ve kumlu birimlerden oluşan düz bir ova üzerinde kurulmuştur. Bununla birlikte,Düzce ve yakın çevresi için Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu büyük depremler üretebilecek önemli bir sismik kaynaktır.Bu özellikler dikkate alındığında, olası büyük bir depremde Düzce ve yakın çevresinde sıvılaşma ve sıvılaşmayabağlı yanal yayılma türü yüzey deformasyonlarının meydana gelebileceği olasıdır. Bu çalışmada, Düzcedeki yerelzemin koşullarının ve yeraltısuyu durumunun belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmış 40 adet jeoteknik sondaja ait veridenyararlanılmıştır. Arazi çalışmaları sonucu yeraltısuyu seviyesinin sığ ve zemin türünün de gevşek alüvyon olduğununbelirlenmesi nedeniyle Düzce kentinin sıvılaşma potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. SıvılaşmaPotansiyeli İndeksi (LPI) yöntemi ile Sıvılaşma Şiddeti İndeksi (LSI) yöntemleri esas alınarak Düzce ili için sıvılaşmapotansiyeli değerlendirilmiş ve farklı deprem senaryolarına göre CBS ortamında her iki yönteme göre sıvılaşmapotansiyeli haritaları hazırlanarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında ön değerlendirmeye yönelik hazırlanansıvılaşma haritalarına göre yeni yapılaşmaların arttığı inceleme alanının güney ve güneydoğu kesimlerinde sıvılaşmapotansiyelinin yüksek-çok yüksek olduğu gözlenmektedir.
Bir Tesis Alanının Mühendislik Jeolojisi Koşullarının Belirlenmesi: Örnek Çalışma, Çine,
Aydında Yer Alan Bir Açık Ocak Feldspat Maden Sahası
Alan Araştırması
Eğimli Sondaj
Stereografik Projeksiyon
Jeofizik
Taşıma Gücü
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Karagöz, S , Koca, Y . (2019). Determination of Engineering Geological Conditions Of A Plant-Site: A Case Study in an Open Pit Mine in Çine, Aydın . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 43 (1) , 57-98 . DOI: 10.24232/jmd.572472
Karagöz, S , Koca, Y . Determination of Engineering Geological Conditions Of A Plant-Site: A Case Study in an Open Pit Mine in Çine, Aydın. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 43 (2019 ): 57-98
ÖZ: Karpuzlu, Çine/Aydın`da Sarıkısık ve Alipaşa feldspat açık ocak madenleri arasında yer alan sahada kırmaöğütme ve flatasyon işlerini yürütmek için bir tesis inşa edilecektir. Hat etütleri, jeofizik ölçümler ve açılan üçeğimli sondajın verileri kullanılarak tesis alanında ve altındaki mühendislik jeolojisi koşullarını belirlemek için biraraştırma yapılmıştır. Jeofizik çalışması ve sondajlardan elde edilen süreksizlik sıklığı, aralığı, RQD ve karot verimi(CR) gibi jeoteknik verileri içeren yer koşulları incelenmiş ve sahanın jeolojik yapısı ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Eğimlisondajlar boyunca, en çok kesilen süreksizlikleri temsil eden her bir ilerleme için gerçek süreksizlik aralığı değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Bu hesaplamalarda, süreksizlik setlerinin doğrultusuyla sondaj eksenlerinin arasındaki dar açılarınbelirlenmesi yer altındaki süreksizlik dağılımının araştırılmasında oldukça önemlidir. Söz konusu gerçek dar açılarınbelirlenmesinde stereografik iz düşüm teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, yer koşulları nedeniyle ortayaçıkan zorlukları tanımlamak ve bu zorlukları en aza indirgemektir. İnceleme alanı sık çatlaklı, ayrışmış metamorfikkayaçlardan oluşmaktadır. Bu kayaçların temel olma açısından bir değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Makaslama zonlarıhariç, jeofizik ve RQD değerlerini dikkate alan jeoteknik yöntemlerle yapılan taşıma gücü analizlerinin sonuçlarınınbirbirleriyle uyumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Jeoteknik çalışmalar üzerine temellendirilmiş izin verilebilir taşımagücü değerlerinin jeofizik çalışmalardan elde edilen değerlere göre; güvenli tarafta kalma açısından çok dahamuhafazakâr sonuçlar verdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Tüm sonuçlar dikkate alındığında, jeoteknik ve jeofizik ölçümlerdenelde edilen izin verilebilir taşıma gücü değerlerinin oranı 0.65`e yakın bulunmuştur.
Jeotermal Rezervuarlarla İlgili Sayısal Modelleme/Benzeşim Çalışmaları
Jeotermal rezervuarlar
Sayısal modelleme/Benzeşim
Simülatörler
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Karahanoğlu, N . (2019). Jeotermal Rezervuarlarla İlgili Sayısal Modelleme/Benzeşim Çalışmaları . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 43 (1) , 99-130 . DOI: 10.24232/jmd.572481
Karahanoğlu, N . Jeotermal Rezervuarlarla İlgili Sayısal Modelleme/Benzeşim Çalışmaları. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 43 (2019 ): 99-130
ÖZ: Jeotermal rezervuarlar içerdikleri yüksek basınç ve yüksek entalpi nedeniyle çok kıymetli yenilenebilir enerjikaynağı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Doğal süreçler sonucu rezervuar kayaçta depolanan jeotermal akışkan elektrikenerjisi üretiminde, konut ısıtmacılığında, seracılıkta ve balneolojik amaçlı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Jeotermalrezervuarların üretimi doğal dengede bulunan hidrodinamik ve hidrotermal mekanizmaları harekete geçirmekte vebunun sonucu olarak rezervuar içinde akışkan hareketi ve ısı yayılımı/taşınımı oluşmaktadır. Bu mekanizmalarınmatematiksel olarak tanımlanması ile başlayan sayısal modelleme çalışmaları değişik işletim koşullarının rezervuaraetkisini araştırabilmekte ve dolayısı ile jeotermal sistemlerin sürdürülebilir düzeyde üretilmelerine olanaksağlamaktadır. Söz konusu mekanizmaların diferansiyel denklemlerle ifade edilmesi ve jeotermal rezervuarınkavramsal modeline dayalı olarak belirlenen fiziksel parametreler ve uygun sınır koşullarının uygulanması sayısalmodelleme çalışmalarının temelini oluşturmaktadır. 1970 li yıllardan beri sürdürülen modelleme çalışmaları iledünya genelinde birçok jeotermal sistemde sayısal modelleme çalışması yapılmış ve bu rezervuarların en uygunve sürdürülebilir üretim ve işletim politikalarının geliştirilmesi sağlanmıştır. Bu makalede jeotermal rezervuarlarınsayısal modellenmesinin temel prensipleri anlatılmakta, ilgili denklemler tanıtılmakta ve tarihsel gelişim aktarılmaktave hazır paket programlar olarak sunulan simulatörlerin/modellerin gizemleri açıklanmaktadır. Ayrıca sayısal modelçalışması yapılan sahalar ve ilgili ülkeler tanıtılarak bu çalışmaların kaynakları verilmektedir.
Kıyı Akiferlerinde Petrol Hidrokarbon Kirliliğinin Doğal Gideriminin Araştırılması ve
Modellenmesi Yöntemleri
BTEX
Yeraltısuyu
İzlenen Doğal Giderim
Sayısal Modelleme
Petrol Kirliliği
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Hatipoğlu-bağcı, Z , Motz, L . (2019). Kıyı Akiferlerinde Petrol Hidrokarbon Kirliliğinin Doğal Gideriminin Araştırılması ve Modellenmesi Yöntemleri . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 43 (1) , 131-154 . DOI: 10.24232/jmd.572505
Hatipoğlu-bağcı, Z , Motz, L . Kıyı Akiferlerinde Petrol Hidrokarbon Kirliliğinin Doğal Gideriminin Araştırılması ve Modellenmesi Yöntemleri. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 43 (2019 ): 131-154
ÖZ: Bu çalışmada, kıyı akiferlerinde petrol kirliliğinin yayılımını belirlemek ve bir akım ve taşınım modeli oluşturarakdoğal giderimin derecesini belirlemek için uygulanacak araştırma yöntemleri değerlendirilmiştir. Böyle bir çalışmabeş aşamadan oluşur; 1) Bölgenin hidrojelojik karekteristiklerini içeren kavramsal modelinin oluşturulması vemevcut ve geçmişteki iyileştirme aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi 2) Detaylı saha araştırmaları ile çok seviyeli gözlemkuyularının kurulması, zeminden karot alınması yöntemleri kullanılarak arazi ve laboratuvar analizleri için zemin ve yeraltısuyu örnekleri alınması. Ölçülecek parametreler, ölçüm yöntemleri ve bu parametrelerin hangi amaçlakullanılacağı ayrıntılı olarak belirtilmeli, 3) Arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmaları ile elde edilen sonuçlara göre fizikselve jeokimyasal karakterizasyon 4) Seçilen yazılım ile yeraltısuyu modelinin oluşturulması 5) Araştırma sırasındaelde edilen birincil ve ikincil kanıtlara göre gözlenen doğal giderimin değerlendirilmesi. Kirlilik bulutunun duraylıveya büzülüyor olduğunu gösteren birincil kanıtlar yeraltısuyu örneklemesi sonucu oluşturulan benzen, tolüen,etilbenzen, ve ksilen (BTEX) kontur haritalarıdır. Doğal biyolojik parçalanmanın belirteçleri olan ve doğal giderimhızının belirlenmesinde kullanılan jeokimyasal verileri kapsayan ikincil kanıtlar ise BTEX kirlilik bulutu içindekielektron alıcı/vericilerin derişimleridir. Yeraltısuyu modelleme sonuçları, doğal giderim sürecinin BTEX kirleticidüzeylerinin belirli bir sürede kabul edilebilir seviyelere gerileyip gerilemeyeceğinin belirlenmesi için kullanılır.Bu sonuçlar doğal giderimin yeterli olmadığını gösterirse bu durumda yeraltısuyunun iyileştirilmesi için alternatifiyileştirme yöntemleri önerilir