Jeoloji Münendisliği Dergisi
Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi

Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi

1995 MAYIS Cilt 19 Sayı 1
KAPAK
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KÜNYE
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İÇİNDEKİLER
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Metamorfizma Basınç ve Sıcaklık Koşullarının Belirlenmesi Jeotermobarometre): Yıldızeli (Sivas Batısı) Yöresinde Bir Uygulama
Musa Alpaslan Durmuş Boztuğ
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ÖZ: Metamorfik kayaçların çalışılmasında günümüze kadar kullanılagelen klasik petrografik incelemeler sonucu elde edilen izograd haritaları yardımıyla, çalışılan bölgedeki metamorfizmanın basınç ve sıcaklık koşullarına bir yaklaşımda bulunulabilmektedir. Buna karşın, jeokimyasal analiz tekniklerinin gelişmesiyle birlikte bir kayaç içerisindeki tek bir mineralin ve çevresinde yer alan diğer minerallerin kimyasal birleşimlerinin belirlenmesi olanaklı olmuştur. Dolayısıyla, bir kayaç içerisindeki minerallerin kimyasal bileşimlerinin belirlenmesi ve bunlar arasındaki reaksiyon dokularının çalışılması, metamorfik petrografinin ileri ve temel unsurları arasında yerini almıştır. Bu analizlerin gerçekleştirilmesi için ise Elektron Prob Mikro Analiz (EPMA veya EMA) yöntemi olarak isimlendirilen nokta analiz yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır, Metamorfizmada etkin olan basıncın belirlenmesi jeobarometre olarak isimlendirilmekte ve met dönüşüm reaksiyonlarından gidilerek hesaplanmaktadır, Metamorfizmanın sıcaklık koşullarının her ikisinin birden belirlenmesi yöntemi kısaca Jeotermobarometre olarak isimlendirilmektedir,

  • Metamorfik

  • Basınç ve Sıcaklık

  • Yıldızeli(Sivas Batısı)

  • Jeotermobarometre

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  • Seifert F 1974, Stability of sapphirine: a study of the aluminious part of MgO-Al2O3 -SiO2 -ftO. J Geol 82,173=204

  • Sen S, Bhattacharya A 1984, An orthopyroxene-garnet thermometer and its application to the Madras charnockites, Gontr Mineral Petrol 88,64-71

  • Sharp ZD, Essene EJ, Anovitz LM, Metz GW, Westrum EF, Hemingway BS, Valley JW 1986, The heat capacity of monticellite and phase equilibria in the system CaO-MgO-SiOrCOj. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50, 1475-1484

  • Skippen GB 1974, An experimental model for lowpressure meta morphism of siliceous dolomitle marble, Am J Sei 274,487-509 -

  • Slaughter J, Kerrick DM, Wall VJ 1975, Experimental and thermodynamic study of equilibrium in the system CaO-MgO-SiOrH2O-CO2 , Am J Sei 275, 143-162

  • Smith DC 1984, Coesite in the Galedonides and its implications for geodynamics. Nature 310,641-644

  • Smyth JR, Hatten CJ 1977, Coesite-sanidine grospydite from the Roberts Victor kimberlite. Earth Planet Sei Lett 34,284-290

  • Sobolev NV, Yefimova ES, Koptil VI, Lav rent`yev YuG, Soboiev VS 1976, Coesite, garnet and omphasite inclusions in Yakutia diamonds-first finding of coesite parageneses, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 230,1442-1444

  • Spear FS, Selverstone J (1983) Quantitative P-T paths from zoned minerals: theory and tectonic applications, Contrib Mineral Petrol 83, pp: 348-357

  • Staudigel H, Schreyer W 1977, The upper thermal stability of clinochlore, MgSAl [A1Sİ3O10] (OH)8 at 10-35 kb PH20 . Contr Mineral Petrol 61,187498

  • Storre B, Karotke E 1971, An experimental determinati on of the upper stability limit of muscovite+quatz in the range 7=20 kb water pressure, Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1971, 237=240

  • Tanner SB? Kerrick DM, Lassaga AC 1985, Experimen tal kinetic study of the reaction calcite+quatz^woliastonite+carbon dioxite from 1 to 3 kbar and 500-850`C, Am J Sei 285,577-590

  • Teichmuller M 1987, Organic material and very low grade metamorphism. In: Frey M (ed) Low temperature metamorphism pp 114-161, Blackie, Glasgow

  • Thompson AB 1970a, A note on the kaolinitepyrophylite equilibrium, Am J Sei 268,454-458

  • Thompson AB 1970b, Laumontite-albite equilibria at low temperatures. Am J Sei 269,267-275

  • Thompson AB 1971, Anlcite-albite equilibria at low temperatures. Am J Sei 271,79-92

  • Thompson AB (1976) Mineral reactions in pelitic rocks. Calculation of some P-T-X (Mg-Fe) phase relations. Am J Sei 276: 425-454

  • Thompson AB, Frey M 1984, Hüte crystallinity in the Western River Formation and its significance regarding the regional metamorphism of the early Proterozoic Goulbura Group, District of Mackenzie, In: Current Research, Part A, Geol Sur Can Paper 84-1 A, 409=414

  • Treiman AH, Essene EJ 1983, Phase equilibria in the system CaO-SiO2 -CO2 , Am J Sei 283-A, 97-120

  • Turner FJ 1968» Metamorphic Petrology, 1st edn, McGraw HiU, New York

  • Velde B (1965) Phengitic micas: Synthesis, stability and natural occurence. Am J Sei 263,886-913

  • Velde B (1967) Si4+ content of natural phengites. Contrib Mineral Petrol 14,250-258

  • Wada GF, Suzuki K 1983, Carbon isotope thermometry calibrated by dolomite-calcite solvus temperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47,697-706

  • Weisbrod A 1973, Refinements of the equilibrium con ditions the reaction Fe - cordierite = garnet + sillimanite + quartz (+H2O). Carnegie Institute of Washington Geopyys Lab Yearbook 72,515-522

  • Winkler HGF 1965, Petorogenesis of metamorphic rocks, 1st edn, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 237 pp

  • Wintsch RP, O` Connell AF, Ranson BL, Wiechmann M3 1981, Evidence for the influence of fCH4 on the crystallinity of disseminated carbon in greenschist faciès rocks, Rhode Island, USA. Contr Mineral Petrol 77,50-73

  • Sismik Tehlike Analizi: Teori ve Uygulama
    Kamil Kayabali
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    ÖZ: Bu çalışmada deterministik ve probabitistik olarak İkiye ayıran sismik tehlike analizinin esasları verilmiştir, Probabilistik yaklaşım kullanılarak bir bilgisayar programı yazılmıştır. Programda maksimum yer ivmesine karşılık gelen dönüş periyodları ile belirli bir zaman dilimi içerisinde maksimum yer ivmesi değerlerinin aşılma ihtimali hesaplanmaktadır. Programın kolay anlaşılmasını sağlamak amacıyla bir de örnek problem sunulmuştur.

  • Sismik Tehlike Analizi

  • Probabilistik Yaklaşım

  • Teori ve Uygulama

  • Algermissen, S.T,, Perkins, D.M., Thenhaus, P.C., Hanson, S.L., and Bender, B,L., 1982, Probabilistic estimates of maximum acceleration and velocity in rock in the contiguous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 824033,

  • Anderson, J.G., 1978, Program EQRISK: A computer program for finding uniform risk spectra of strong earthquake ground motion: Report, LL of Southern California, Dept, of Civil Engineering

  • Araya, R, and Der Kiureghian, A., 1988, Seismic hazard analysis; improved models, uncertainties and sensitivities, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Report No, UCB/ÊERC-90/11, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 155 p

  • Bender, B. and Perkins, D.M., 1987, SEIRISK III: A computer program for seismic hazard estimation: U,S. Geol. Surv, Bull. No.1772,

  • Campbell, K.W.,1985, Strong motion attenuation relations a ten-year perspective: Earthquake Spectra, 1(4), 759-804,

  • Chiang, W-L,, Guidi, G.A,, Mortgart, C.P., Schoof, C.C. and Shah, H,C, 1984, Computer programs for seismic hazard analysis: A User Manual, Report No.62, The J. A. Blume Earthquake Engine» ering Cener, Stanford University, California.

  • EERI Commitee on Seismic Risk, 1989, The basics of seismic risk analysis: Earthquake Spectra, 5(4), 675-702.

  • Gülkan, P., Koçyiğit, A., Yiicemen, M.S., Doyuran, V, ve Başöz, N., 1993, en son verilere göre hazırlanan Türkiye deprem bölgeleri haritası: ODTÜ Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırma Merkezi, Rapor No, 93-01

  • Joyner, WJ3, and Boore, D.M., 1988, Measurement, characterization and prediction of sfrong ground motion: Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 2, Recent Advances in Ground potion Evaluation, 43402,

  • Polo, CM. and Slemmons, D.B., 1990, Estimation of earthquake size for seismic hazards, in Kri= nitzsky, E,L, and Slemmons, D.B,, editors, Neotectonics in Earthquake Evaluation: Reviews irt Engineering Geology, 8,1-28

  • TORA Corporation, 1980, Seismic hazard analysis for the Savannah River Plant, South Carolina: Report by TERA Corporation, 2150 Shattuck Ave. Berkeley, California.

  • Sınır Tenör Kararlarında Üretim Kapasite Kısıtlarının Etkileri
    Adnan Konuk Gürkan Yersel
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    ÖZ: Bu çalışmada, sınır tenor kurarlarında üretim kapasite kısıtlarının etkileri araştırmaktadır. Bu amaçla öncelikle, rezerv-tenor dağılımlarının normal veya lognormal olması durumları için sınır tenor tonaj oranı ve ortalama tenor ilişkileri ete alınmaktadır* Daha sonra, tesis besleme tesis çıkış ve maden tükenme kapasitesi kısıtlarının sınır tenor kararlarına etkilerİ analiz edilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın uygulama çalışması ise Etibank Kütahya Gümüşkoy Gümüş Madeni İşletmesi üretim tesisleri ve sondaj verileri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmektedir.

  • Sınır Tenör

  • Üretim Kapasitesi

  • Rezerv

  • Tenör

  • Blackwell MJLL., 1970, Some Aspects of the Evaluation and Planning of the Bougainville Copper Project, Decision-making in the Mineral Industry, C,LM., pp, 261-269,

  • David, M., 1977, Geostatictical Ore Reserve Estimation, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, p, 364.

  • Demirok, H,, Apul, H.R., Özyurt, A, ve înanç, ք 1984, Etibank 100. Yıl Gümüş Madeni İşletmeleri Müessesesi Müdürlüğü Gümüş Madeni Açık İşletme Projesi (I. Revizyon), Kütahya, 132 s

  • Koçak, Y,, 1987, Etibank Kütahya Gümüşköy 100. Yıl Konsantrasyon ve İzabe tesisi Projesi Fizibilite Etüdü (VI, Revizyon), Ankara, 91 s.

  • Lane, K,R, 1964, Choosing the Optimum Cut-Off Grade, Quaterley of the Colorado School of Mines, No,59, pp. 811=829

  • Lane, K.R, 1988, The Economic Definition of Ore (Cut-Off Grades in Theory and Practice), Mining Journal Books Ltd., London, p. 149

  • Nasuf,E,, 1983, Rezerv Hesaplamalarında istatistiksel Yöntemler ve Bilgisayar Uygulamaları, Türkiye Mad, Bil, ve Tek, 8. Kong, Bildiriler Kitabı, Ankara, s. 201-212.

  • Nilsson, D. and Aaro, B,, (1985), Cut-Off Grade Optimization, International Mining, July 1985, pp. 28-33.

  • Parker, R, 1979, The Volume-Variance Relationship: A Useful Tool for Mine Planning, Engineering and Mining Journal, October 1979, pp. 106423,

  • Ross-Watt, D. and Mackenzie, B., 1979, A Mining Project Evaluation Technique Incorporating the Response of Mine Management to the Resolution of Uncertainty, Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry, AIME, New York, pp. 115-127

  • Taylor, H,K., 1972, General Background Theory of Cut off Grades, I.M.M, Transactions, July 1972,pp.A160-179.

  • Katı Atık (Çöp) Depo Yerlerinin Seçimi ve İnşasındaki Bazı Ana Hususlar
    Sücaattin Baran
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    ÖZ: Katı atıkların ortadan kaldırılmasında en etkili yöntemlerden birisi uygun yer koşullarında depolamadır. Ancak tekniğe uygun yapılmamış bir katı atık deposu Özellikle yeraltısu kirliliği açısından önemli tehlikeler arz eder. Bu nedenle depo yerleri Öncelikle jeolojik durum ve diğer veriler dikkate alınarak seçilmeli bu veriler doğrultusunda depo inşa edilmelidir,

  • Katı Atık

  • Depo Yerlerinin Seçimi

  • Jeomorfolojik Durum

  • Jeolojik-Hidrojeolojik Durum

  • Aktaş, A,, 1993, Das bericht von institut für umveltgeo« logie Schmitz, Köln.

  • Barkowski, D.? 1990, Altlasten, Handbuch zur Ermittlung und Abwehr von Gefahren durch kontaminierte Standote-Verlag CF. Müller GmbH, Karlsruhe.

  • Şengüler, İ, 1994, Mamak (Ankara) Eski Çöp Depolama Alanı ve Çevresel Etkileri, Enerji ve Çevre Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, s, 373, Mersin Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, Mersin

  • 1993, m Çevre Bakanlığı Katı atık Depo Alanlan Yönetimi ile ilgili Yönerge, Ankara

  • Niggli - Magmatik Kayaçların Niggli Parametreleri’ni Hesaplayan ve Değerlendiren İnteraktif Quickbasic Programı
    Fuat Yavuz Yilmaz Bürküt Murat Budakoğlu
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    ÖZ: Magmatik kayaçların asli element kimyasal analiz sonuçları bir takım basit hesaplama teknikleri ile petrolojik değerlendirmeler açısından doyurucu bilgiler sunan formlara dönüştürülebilir. Niggli değerleri olarak tanımlanan parametreler, asli element kimyasal analizi yapılan kayaçların diferansiyasyon seyirlerini, ait oldukları magmatik provensleri alkali özelliklerini ve söz konusu kayaçların ne tür bir magmadan türemiş olduğu konusunda somut veriler ortaya koyar, QUICK BASIC programlama dilinde yazılan NİGGLİ programı, magmatik kayaçların asli element kimyasal analiz sonuçlarından Niggli parametrelerini hesaplar, petrokimyasal açıdan değerlendirir ve değişimlerini grafiksel olarak sunar. Derlenmiş şekli yaklaşık 356 kilo baytdır. Program VGA grafik karta sahip IBM uyumlu kişisel bilgisayarlarda işlevini sürdürür

  • Niggli Parametreleri

  • Magmatik Kayaçlar

  • İnteraktif Quickbasic

  • Buni, C, 1964, Pettochemical Calculations Based on Equivalents, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 304 p

  • Bürküt, Y.? 1966, Kuzeybatı Anadoluda yer alan Plü tonların Mukayeseli Jenetik Etüdü, Doktora Tezi. Î.T.Ü, Matbaası.

  • Cross, CW,, Iddings, I.P., Pirsson, L.V., Washington, H.S., 1902, A Quantitative Chemicomineralogical Classification and Nomenclature of Igneous Rocks, J. Geology, v.lö, p, 555-690

  • Denaeyer, M.E., 1967, Tableaux da Pétrographie (Deuxième edit.), Editions Lamarere-Poina, Paris, 108 p

  • Niggli, P.? 1923, Gesteins-und Mineralprovinzen L, Berlin, Bontrager

  • Örgün, Y„ 1992, Topuk-Göynükbelen (Orhaneli-Bursa) Yöresi Nikel Olu|umlannın Kökensel înceienmesi, Doktora Tezi, Î.T.Ü, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 216 s

  • Pearce, T,H„ 1968, A Contribution to the Theory of Variation Diagrams, Contrib. Mineral, PettoL, 19, p, 142-157.

  • Stanley, Cit , Russell, J.K., 1989, Pearce. Plot: A Tur= bo-Pascal Program for the Analysis of Rock Compositions with Pearce Element Ratio Diagrams, Comters & Geosicences, vol.5, no.6, p, 905-926

  • Yavuz, F.,Gültekin, A,H„ 1994, Gipet: Granîtoidlerde . Grafiksel Ağırlıklı Bilgisayar Uygulamaları, Geosound, sayı 24,67-82 s.

  • Yerbilimlerinin Felsefi Yönleri
    Ayhan Sol Dursun Bayrak
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    ÖZ: Doğaya yerbilimleri açısından bakış, ilginç düşünsel sorunlar üretmesinin yanında diğer bilim dallarının düşünüş ve   gelişimine de katkıda bulunacak bir bakış açısı getirmiştir. Henüz göreceli olarak keşfedilmemiş bir bilgi alanı, analiz ve değerlendirilmeleri açık bir şekilde belirtilmektedir.


  • Yerbilimleri

  • Felsefi Yönleri

  • Jeolojinin İlkeleri

  • Bemmelen, R,W, Van, 1961, The scientific character of geology: J.GeoL, voi.69, pp, 453-46 L

  • Bertanlanfly, L. Von, 1952, Problems of life, an evaluation of modern biological thought: London, Watts, 216 pp.

  • Birch, L.C, 1951, Concept of nature: Am, Scientist, vol.39, pp. 294-302.

  • Bubnoff, S, Von, 1959, Grundprobleme der Geologie: Berlin, Akademie-Verlag, 234 pp,

  • Bucher, W.H., 1950, The crust of the earth: Sei, American, vol. 182, no. 5, pp, 32-41.

  • Chamberlm, T.C., 1904, The methods of the earthsciences: Popular Sei, Monthly, vol.66, pp, 66-75.

  • Garrels, RM., 1951, A textbook of geology: New York, Harper, 511 pp,

  • Geike, Sir Archibald, 1905, The founders of geology: London, Macmillan, 486 pp,

  • Gordon, W/L, 1951, Geology, in, H, Dingle, ed, A century of science: London, Hutchinson`s Scientific and Technical PubL, pp, 98-113.

  • Hagner, A.F., 1961, Geologic education and its influence on approaches to geologic problems: J.Geol. Educ, vol.9, pp. 89-97.

  • Krumbein, W.C., 1960, The geological population as a framework for analyzing numerical data in geology: Liverpool and Manchester Geol. J,, vol.2, pp. 341-368.

  • Mach, E., 1903, quoted in Schrödinger, Erwin, What is life, and other scientific essays: New York, Doubieday, 1956, 263 pp,

  • Margenau, EL, I960, Foreward to, The search for order by C J. Schneer: New York, Harper, XII pp

  • Pospelov, GJL, 1961, Geology as a science and its place in natural history: Izvestiya Acad. Sei,, USSR, Geol. Ser., 1960, (trans. Nov., 1961), pp. 141.

  • Schneer, C J,, 1960, The search for order: New York, Harper, 398 pp.

  • Stokes, WXi, 1960, Ant infroduction to historical geology: New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 502 pp.

  • Thomas, H.H., 1947, The rise of geology and its influence on contemporary thought: Ann. Sei., vol. 5, pp. 325-341.

  • Umbgrove, J,RR, 1947, The pulse of the earth: The Ha gue, Nijhoff, 358 pp.

  • Yarı Fosilleşmiş Dinazor Yumurtaları
    Ali Haydar Gültekin
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    ÖZ: Dinazor kelimesi yaklaşık yüzyıl önce ilk defa Sır Richard Owen tarafından kullanılmıştır, Yunanca "korkunç" anlamına gelen "denius" ve "kertenkele" anlamına gelen "sauros" sözcüklerinden türetilmiştir, Ancak zamanla daha da genelleştirilerek bütün iri yapılı sürüngen fosillerine atfedilmiştir. Bugün ise dinazor kelimesi soyu tükenmiş olan bazı tür sürüngenler için kullanılmaktadır. Dinozorlar ilk olarak 230 milyon yıl önce Orta Trias`da görüldüler, İlk ortaya çıkan türleri sürüngendi)- zorlar grubuna aittir. Ancak zamanla genişleyerek farklı yönlerde evrimleştiler. Karada ve suda yaşayan türleri yanı sıra hem karada hem suda yaşayan ve uçabilen türleri vardı, Devasa büyüklükte olanların yanında tavuk büyüklüğünde olanları da saptanmıştır. En iri dinozor olan Diplodocus, 26 metreyi bulan uzunluğu ile dev boyutlu bir hayvandı, Bazıları iki ayak, bazdan ise dört ayak üzerinde hareket eden bu hayvanlar etçil, otçul veya Tasladıkları her şeyi yemeye yatkın canlılardı. Dinozorların soyunun tükenme nedeni bugün tam olarak anlaşılmış değildir (Oygür, 1993),

  • Yarı Fosilleşmiş

  • Dinazor

  • Yumurta

  • Öygür, V., 1993, Jurassic Park, Bilimin Halk Düzeyine İndirilmesinin Yolu, Jeoloji Mühendisliği, s, 42, 118427,

  • Jinghua, and Xiaosi, F,, 1994, Xixia, the Kingdom of Dinozaur Egg Fossils, China and World Cultural Exchange, No, 4, pp. 20-21 Beijing,

  • Jeoloji Takvimi
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle
    Konferans, Sempozyum
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle
    TAM SAYI DOSYASI
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