TMMOB
Metamorfizma Basınç ve Sıcaklık Koşullarının Belirlenmesi Jeotermobarometre): Yıldızeli (Sivas Batısı) Yöresinde Bir Uygulama
Metamorfik
Basınç ve Sıcaklık
Yıldızeli(Sivas Batısı)
Jeotermobarometre
Agrinier P, Javoy M,-Smith DC, Pineau F, 1985, Car bon and oxygen isotopes in eclojites, amphibolites, veins and marbles from the Gneiss region, Norway, Chemical Geol 52; 145-162
Ahn, J,K and Peacor, D.R., 1986, Tmnsmisiion and anlytical electron microscopy of the smectiteloillite transition. Clays and Clays Minerals, 34, 145462
Alpaslan, M, 1993, Yıldızeli yöresi (Sivas batısı) Metamorfitlerinin Petolojik İncelenmesi, C,Ü, FenBilimleri Enst,, Doktora tezi, 359 s. (yayımlanmamış).
Anderson DJ, Lindsley DL 1988, Internally consistent solution models for Fe*Mg-Mn=Ti oxides: Fe-Ti oxides, Am Mineral 73; 714-726
Anovitz LM, Essene EJ 1987a, Phase equilibria in the system CäCO3 -MgCO3-FeCO3 J Petrol 28, 389- 414
Anovitz LM, EsseneEJ 1987b, Compatibility of geoba-rometers in the system CaÖ-FeÖ-AljOş-SiCV TiO2 (CFAST): implications for garnet mixing models. J GeoL 95: 633-645
Anovitz LM, Essene EJ 1989, Thermobarometry and pressure=temperature paths in the Greenville Pro- vine of Ontario, J Petrol
Aranovich LY,.Podlesskii KK (1983) The cordierite-garnet-sillimanite equilibrium experiments and applications. In: Saxena SK (ed): Kinetics and equilibrium in mineral reactions. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York pp, 173-198
Berman RG, Engi M, Greenwood HJ, Brown TH 1986 Derivation of internally consistent Ihermodyna mic data by the technique of mathematical prog ramming: a review with application to the systa= me MgO-SiO2 -H2O. J Pettol 27,1331-1364
Bohlen SR, Boettcher Al 1981, Experimental investiga tions and geological applications of orthopyroxe ne geobarometry. Am Mineral 66,951-964
Bohlen SR, Boettcher Al 1982, The quartz-coezite tiransformation: a precise determination and the effectes of other components. J Geophy Res 87, 7073-7078
Bohlen SR (1987) Pressure-temperature-time paths and a tecto nie model for the evolution of granulites
Botlinga Y, Javoy M 1987, Comments of stable isotope geothermometry: system quartz-water. Earth and Planetary Sei Lett 84,406-414
Brown WL, Parsons L, 1985, Calorimetric diagram approaches to two feldspar geothermomertry: acritic. Am Mineral 70, 356-361
Buddington AF, Lindsley DH 1964, Iron-titanium oxide minerals and their synthetic equivalents, J Fefrol 5,310-357
Camian JH, Gilbert MC 1983, Experimental studies on glaueophane stability. Am J Sei 283-A, 141-437
Chateijee ND 1972, The upper stability limit of the as semblage paragonite-quartz and its natural occurences, Contr Mineral Pefrol 34,288-303
Chaterjee ND 1976* Margarite stability and compatibi lity relations injhe system CaÖ-Al2Ö3 -SiO2-H2Ö as a pressure-temperature indicator. Am Mineral 61,699-709
Chaterjee foD, Johannes W, Ldstner H 1984, The system CaÖ-Aİ2O3 -SiÖ2-E2O: new phase equi libria, some calculated phase relations and their petrological applications, Contr Mineral Petrol 88,1-13
Chernosky JV, Day HW, Caruso LJ 1985, Equilibria in the system MgO-SiO2 -H2Ö: experimental determination of the stability of Mg-anthophyllite, Am Minemi 70,223-23
Chopin C 1984, Coesite and pure pyrope in high grade blueschists of the western Alps: a first record and some consequences. Confr Mineral Petrol 58, 255-262
Chopin C, Schreyer W 1983, Magnesiocaipholite and magnesiochloritoid: two index minerals of pelitic blueschists and their preliminary phase relations in the model system MgQ-Âİ2ÖrSiÖ2 -H2O. Am J Sei 283-A, 72-96
Cotkin SJ 1987, Conditions of metamoiphism in an early Paleozoic blueschist Schist of Skookum Gulch, northern California, Contr Mineral Petrol 96,192-200
Crawford WA, Fyfe WS 1965, Galcite-aragonite pqui libriaat 100*a Science 144,15494570
Day HW 1973, The high temperature stability of mus covite plus quartz. Am Mineral 58,255-262
Day HW, Chemosky JV, Kumin HJ 1985, Equilibria in the system MgÖ-SiC^HğO: à tehrmodynamic analysis. Am Mineral 70,237=248
Di Pisa A, Francheschelli M, Leoni L, Meccheri M, 1985, Regional variation of the metamorphic tarnsect across the Tuscanid I Unit and its implications on the alpine metamorphism (Apuan Alps, North Tuscany), Neues Jahrbuch fur minéralogie, Abhandlungen 151,197-211
Egger RG, Kenick DM 1981, Metamorphic equilibria in the siliceous dolomite system: 6 kbar experimental data and geologic implications, Geochim Cosmochim Acta45,1039-1049
Elüs DJ 1980, Ossumilite-sapphirine-quartz granulites from Enderby Land, Antarctica: P-T conditions of metamorphism, implications for garnet* cordierite equilibria and the evolution of the deep crust, Contr Mineral Petrol 74,201-210
Ellis DJ, Green DH (1979) An experimental study of effect of Ca upon garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg exchange equilibria, Contrib Mineral Petrol 71, 13*22
Ernst WG (1963) Significance of phengitic micas from low grade schists. Am Mineral 58,255-262
Essene EJ 1982, Geologic thermometry and barometry, In: Ferry JM (ed): Charecterization of Metamorphism Through Mineral Equilibria, Reviews in Mineralogy» 10, pp 153-206, Mineral Soc. of America
Essene EJ 1983, Solid solutions and solvi among metamorphic carbonates with applications to geologic thermometry. In: Reeder, RJ (ed) Carbonates: Mineralogy and chemistfy, Reviews in Mineralogy, 11, pp 77-96, Mineral Soc America
Essene EJ 1989, The current status of thermobarometry in metamorphic rocks! In: Daly JS, Cliff RA, Yardley BWD (eds) Evolution of metamorphic belts, Geol Soc Special Publication 43, pp. 145
Essene EJ, Hensen BJ, Green DH 1970, Experimental study of amphibolite and eclogite stability. Physics oof the Earth and Planetary Interiors 3, 378-384
Fawcett JJS Yoder HS 1966, Phase relationships of chlorite in the system MgQ-AlsCVSiOa-I^O, Am Mineral 51,353-380
Ferry JM, Spear FS (1978) Experimental calibration of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between biotite and garnet. Contrib Mineral Petrol 66: 113-117
Ferry JM (1979) A map of chemical potential differences within an outcrop, Am Mineral 064 pp. 966- 985
Ferry JM 1980, A comparative study of geotHermometers and geobarometers in pelitic schists from southern*central Maine. Am Mineral 65,720-732
Ferry JM (1984, A biotite isograd in south-central Mainne, USA: mineral reactions, fluid tarnsfer, J Petrol 25,871=893
Flowers GC, Hegleson HC 1983, Equilibrium and mass transfer during progressive metamorphism of siliceous dolomites, Am J Sei 283,230-286
Frey M, Teichmuller M, Teichmuller R, Mullis J, Kun ze B, Breitschmid A, Grüner U, Schwizer B 1980, Very low grade metamoiphism in extermal parts of the Cental Alps: Illite crystallinity, coal rank and fluid inclusion dato. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 73,173-203
Friedman I, ONeil JR 1977, Compilation of stabile isotope fractination factors of geochemical interest. Data of Geochemistry, 6 th edn, US Geol Survey ProfPaper440KK,61pp
Ganguly J, Saxena SK (1984) Mixing properties of aluminosilicate garnets: constraints from natural and experimental data, and applications to geothermôbarometry. Am Mineral 69,88-97
Gasparik T 1984, Experimental study of subsolidus phase relations and mixing properties of pyroxene in the system CaQ-AläÖg-SiO^ Geochim CosmocActa 48,2537-2546
Ghent ED, Stout MZ (1981) Geobarometry and geother mometry of plagioclase-biotite-garnet-muscovite assemblages. Contrib Mineral Petrol 76,113417
Goldsmith JR (1911) The melting and bearkdown reac lions of anorthite at high pressures and temperatures. Am Mineral 65,272-284
Graham CM (1074) Metabasic amphiboles of the Scot tish Dalradian. Contrib Mineral Petrol 47 ? 163- 185
Graham CM, Powell RA (1984) Garnet-hornblende geothermometer: calibration testing and application to the Pelona schist, Southern Califonia. J MetamGeol. 184: 13-31
Gramblingj LA,, 1990, Internally-consistent geothermometry and H2O barometry in metamorphic rocks the example garnet-chlorite-quaertz, Contrib, Mineral Peirol.,105, p. 617-628
Green DH, Ringwood AE 1967, An experimental inves tigation of the gabbro to eclogite transformation and its petrological applications, Geochim CosmochimActa 31» 767-833
Green DH, Ringwood AE 1972, A comparision of re cent experimental data on the gabbro-garnetgranulite-eclogite transition, J Geol 80,277=288
Greenwood HJ 1962, Metamorphic reactions involving two mineral components. Cornegie Institue of Washington Yearbook 61,82-85
Greenwood HJ 1967, Wollastonite: stability in H2QCO2 mixtures and oecurebce in a contact metamoıfic aureole, near Salmo, British Columbia. Am Mineral 52,16694680
Griffen, D.T, and Ribbe P.H., 1973, The crystal ehe mistry of staurolite, Am, J, Sei,, 273-A, 479-495
Haas H, Holdaway MJ 1973? Equilibria in the system Al2O3 -SiO2 -H2O involving the stability limits of pyrophyllite and the thermodynamic data of pyrophyllite. Am J Sei 273,449-464
Hanya Y; Kennedy GC (1968) Equilibrium study of anorthite under high perssure and high temperature. Am J Sei 226,193-203
Harley SL, Green DH (1982) Garnet-orthopyroxene ba rometry for granulites and peridotites. Nature, 300,697-701
Harley SL (1984a) The solubility of alumina in orthopyroxene coexisting garnet in FeO-MgO-Al2O3 - SiO2 and CaO-FeO-MgO-Al2O3 -SiO2 . J Petrol 25:665-696
Harley SL (1984b) An experimental study of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between garnet and orthopyroxene, Contrib Mineral Petrol 86: 359-373
Harley SL 1984c, Comparision of the garnetorthopyroxene geobarometer with recent experimental studies and applications to natural assemblage, J Petrol 25,697-712
Harley SL 1985, Garnet-orthopyroxene bearing granulites from Enderby Land, Antarctica: metamorphic pressure-temperature-time evolution of the Archaean Napier Complex, J Petrol 26, 819-856
Harley SL 1987, A pyroxene-bearing meta-ironstone and other pyroxene-granulites from Enderby Land, Antarctica: further evidence for very high temperature (>980
Hays JF (1966) Lime-alumina-silica Yb Carnegie Instn Wash 65,234^239
Haseiton HT, Hovis GL, Hemingway BS? Robie RA 1983, Caiorimetric investigation of the excess entropy of mixing in analbite-sanisine solid solutions: lack of evidence for Na, K short range order and implications for two feldspar thermometry, Am Minemi 68,398-413
Hegleson, H.C., Delaney, J.M., Nesbitt, RW, and Bird, D.K., 1978, Summary and critique of the thermobaromettic properties of rock forming minerals, Am,J.Sci,,278-A
Heinrich W, Athaus E 1980, Die obere Stabilitatsgrenze von Lawsonit plus Albit bzw. Jadeit, Fortschritte der Mineralogie 58,49-50
Hemley JJ, Montoya JW, Marenko JW, Luce JW 1980, Equilibrium in the system Al2O3 -SiO2 -H2O and some general implications for alteration mineralization processes, Economic Geol 75,210-228
Hensen BJ, Green DH (1973) P-T grids for silicaundersaturated granulites in the system (MAS (n+4) and FMA (n+3)- tools for the derivation of P-T paths for metamorphism, Contrib Mineral Petrol 5: 255-271
Hieatanen A (1974) Amphiboles pairs, epidote minerals, chlorite and plagioclase in metamoiphic rocks. Northern Sierra Nevada, California, Am Mineral 59,22-40
Hodges KV? Spear FS (1982) Geothermometry, geobarometry and the A12SİO5 triple point at Mt Moosilauke, New Hampshire, Am Mineral 67, 1118- 1134
Hodges KV? Crowley PD (1985) Error estimation and empirical geothermobarometry for pelitic systems. Am Mineral 70,702-709
Holdaway, M.J., 1971, Stability of andalusite and the aluminium silicate phase diagram. Am, L Sei., 271,97431
Holdaway MJ, Dutrow BI, Hmton RW 1988, Devonian and Carboniferous metamorphism in westcentral Maine: the muscovite-almandine geobarometer and the staurollite problem revisited, Am Mineral 73,20-47
Holland TJB 1979, Experimental determination of the reaction paragonite=jadeite+kyanite+H2O and thermodynamie data for part of system Na2OAl2O3 -SiO2 -H2O, with application to eclogites and blueschists. Contr Mineral Petrol 68, 293- 301-
Holland TJB 1980, The reaction alhite^jadeite+quartz determined experimentally in the range 600+12QQeC Am Mineral 65, 129-134
Holland TJB 1988, Preliminary phase relations involving glaucophane and applications to high pressure petrology: new heat capacity and tehrmodynamic data, Contr Mineral Petrol 99,134442
itaya T 1981, Carbonaceous material in pelitic schiste of the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt in Central Shikoku, Japan, Lithos 14,215-224
Ito K, Kennedy GC 1971, An experimental study of the basalt-garnet granulite-ecligite transition. In: Heacock JG (ed) The structure and Physical Properties of the Earth`s Crust, Am Geophys Un Monograph, Series 14,303-314
Jenkins DM 1984, Upper-pressure stability of synthetic margarite plus quartz, Contr Mineral Petrol 88, 332-339
Jenkins DM, Newton RC, Goldsmith JR 1983, Fe-free zoisite stability relative to clinozoisite. Nature, 304,622-623
Jenkins DM, Newton RC, Goldsmith JR 1985, Relative stability of Fe-free zoisite and clinozoisite, J Geol 93,663-672
Johannes W, Puhan D 1971, The calcite-aragonite equi librium reinvestigated, Contr Minemi Petrol 31, 28-38
Johannes W, Bell PM, Mao MK, Boettcher AL, Chip man DW, Hays JF, Newton RC, Seifert F 1971, An interlaboratory comparison of piston-cylinder pressure calibration using albite breakdown reaction, Contr Mineral Petrol 32,24-38
Kerrick DM 1972, Experimental determination of muscovite+quartz stability with PH2o
Kerrick DM, Crawford KE, Randazzo AF 1974, Review of metamorphic mixed volatile (H2O-CO2) equilibria. Am Mineral 59 729-762
Kisch HJ 1980a, Incipient metamorphism of CambroSilurian clastic rock> fiori the Jamthland Supergroup, centarl ScanBdinavian Caledonides, western Sweeden: illite crystallinity and vitrinite reflectance, J Geol Soc London 137,271-288
Kisch HJ 1980b, Illite crystallinity and coal rank associated with lower grade metamorphism of the Taveyanne greywacke, Hevetic zone, Swiss Alps. Eclogae Geologisches Hevetica 75,753-777
Kisch HJ 1981, Coal rank and illite crystallinity associated with the zeolite faciès of Southland and the pumpelliyite-.eanihg facieb of Okago, southern New Zealand. New Zealand J Geol & Geophys 24,349-360
Kisch HJ 1987, Correlation between indicators of very low grade metamorphism. In: Ferry M (ed) Low temperature metamorphism, pp 227-300, Blackie, Glasgow
Koons PO 1982, Experimental investigations of the behaviour of amphibole in the system Na2O-A12O3 - SiOrHjO at high pressures, Contr Mineral Petrol 79,258-267
Koons PÖ 1984, Ymplications to gamet-clinopyroxene geothermometry of non-ideal solid solution in jadeitic pyroxenes, Contr Mineral Petrol 88, 340- 347
Koons PO 1986, Relative geobarometry from highpressure rocks of quatzofeldspathic composition from the Sessia Zone, Western Alps, Italy. Contr Mineral Petrol 93, 322-334
Kostyuk EA (1970) Statistical analyses and paragenetic type of the metamorphie amphiboles, Nauka, Moskow (in Russian)
Koziol AM, Newton RC (1988) Redetermination of the anortite breakdown reaction and improvement of the plagilase-garnet-Al2SiOrquartz geobaro-, meter. Am Mineral 73: 216-223
Krogh ËJ 1988, The gamet-clinopyroxene Fe=Mg geothermometer-a reinteipretation of existing experimental data, Contr Mineral Petrol 99,44-48
Kubier B 1967, La cristalHnite de Finite et les zones to ut a fait supérieures du metamo^hisme: Etages tectoniques, A la Baconniere, Neuchatel, 105- 121
Lang HM, Rice JM (1985) Geothermonetry, geobarometry and T-X (Fe-Mg) relations in metapelites, Snow Peak, Northern Idaho, J Petrol 26? 889-924
Leake BE (1962) On the non-existance of a vacant area in the Hallimond calciferous amphibole diagram. Japan J Geol Geophys 33,1-13
Lee HY, Ganguly J (1988) Equilibrium compositions of cq-existing g^net and orthopyroxene: exj«rimental determinations in the system FeO-MgOAljOj-SiOj and applications. J Petrol 29: 93413
Lindsley DH (1983) Pyroxene thermpmetry Am Mine ral 68:477-493
Liou JG 1971a, Synthesis and stability relations of prehnite, Ca2Al2Si3010(OH)2 , Am Mineral 56, 507- 531
Manghnani MH 1970, Analcite-jadeite phase boundary, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 3, 456-461
Maruyama S, Cho M, Liou JG 1986, Experimental in vestigations of blueschist-greenschist transition equilibrian: pressure dependence of AI2Ö3 contents in sodic amphiboles-a new geobarometer. Geol Soc. Am Spec Paper 164, İ-16
Masonne ÎÜ, Schreyer W (1987) Phengite geobarometry based on the limiting assemblage with Kfeldspar, ghlogopite and quartz, Contrib Minemi Petrol 96,212-224
Matthews A, Goldsmith JR, Clayton RN 1983, Oxygen isotope fractinatioh involving pyroxenes: the calibration of mineral pair geothermometers. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47,631-644
Mirwald PW, Masonne HJ 1980, Quartz^cstie transition and the comparative Mctional measurement in piston-cylinder apparatus using talc-alsimagglass (TAG) and NaCl high-pressure cells: a discussion. Neues Jahrbusch fur Mineralogie Manatshefte 1980,469-477
Miyano T, Klein C 1986, Fkuid behaviour and phase relations in the system Fe-Mg-Si-C-Ö=H and applications to high grade metamorphism of iron formations. Am J Sei 286,540-575
Moecher DP, Anovitz LM, Essene EJ 1988, Calculation of clinopyroxene-garnet-plagioclase-quartz geobarometers and applications to high-grade metamorhic rocks. Contr-Mineral Petrol 100,92-106
Morikiyo T 1984, Carbon isotopic study on existing cal cite and graphite in the Ryoke metamorphic rocks, northern Kiso district, central Japan. Conto- Mineral Petrol 87,251-259
Nesbitt BE, Essene W 1982, Metamoiphic thermometry and barometry of a portion of the Southern Blue Ridge Province, Am J Sei 282,701-729
Newton MS, Kennedy GC 1968, Jadeite, analcite, nep heline and albite at high temperatures and pressure^ Am J Sşi 266,728-735
Newton RC 1966, Some calc-silicate equilibria. Am J Sei 264,204=222
Newton RC 1983, Geobarometry of high-grade meta monphic rocks. Am J Sei 283-A, 1-28
Newton RC, Haselton HT (1981) Thermodynamics of the gamet-plagioclase-AljSiOs-quMtz geobarometers. In: Newton RC, Navrotsky A, Woods BJ (eds) Thermodynamics of minerals and melts. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg New York, pp: 131- 147
Newton RC and Perkins D (1982) Thermodynamic ca libration of geobarometers based on the assemblages garnet-plagioclaze-orthopyroxene-(clinopyroxene)-quartz* Am Mineral 67:203*222
kitsch KH 1980, Reacktion von Bariumfeldspat (celsi an) mit HğÖ zu Cymrüte unter metamorphen Bedingungen, Fortschritte der Mineralogie 58, 98- 99
Nitsch KH, Stone B, Topfer U 1981, experimentalle Bestimmung der Gleichgewichtdaten der Reaktion 1 Margarit+1 quartz=l anortit + andalusit / disthen + 1 H2CX Fortschritte der Mineralogie 59,139-140
Nurminen KB (1987) A recaübration of the chloritebiotite-muscovite geobarometer Conttib Mineral Petrol 96,519-522
O`Hara MJ, Yarwood G 1978, High pressuretemperature point on an Archaean geotherm, magma genesis by crustal anatexis and consequeneşs for garnet-pyraxene thermobarometty* Phil Trans ;Roy Soc London Series A 228,441-456
Qkuyama-KusunoseV, itaya T 1987, Metamorphism of carbonaceous material in the Tono contact aureole, Kitakami Mountains* Japan, J Metam Geol 5, 121439
ÔrviËe, P,M., 1972, Plagioclase cation exchange equilibria with aqueous chloride solution: results at 700 C and 2000 bars in the presence of quartz, Am, LScL, 272,234-272
Paria P, Bhattacharya A, Sen A 1988, The reaction garnet+clinopyroxene^2 orthopyroxene+anorthite: a potential geobarometer for granulites. Contr Mineral Petrol 99,126433
Pattison DRM, Newton RC 1988, Reversed experimen tal calibration of the garnet-clinopyroxene KB (Fe-Mg) exchange thermometer, Contr Mineral Petrol
Perchuk LL (1970) Equilibria of rock forming minerals. Nauka, Moskow (in Russian)
Perchuk LL, Lavrent`eva IIV (1983) Experimental in vestigation of exchange equilibria in the system cordierite-gamet-biotite. Kinematics and equilibrium i^i mineral reactions. Springer. Berlin Heidelberg New York. pp. 199-239
Perkins D, Newton RC (1981) Charnocite geobarometers based on coexisting gamet - pyroxeneplagioclase - quartz. Nature 292,144-146
Perkins D, Chipra SJ 1985, Garnet - orthopyroxene - plagioclase - quartz barometry refinement and application to the English River subprovince and the Minnesota River Valley, Contr Mineral Petrol 89,69-80
Perkins D, Westrum EF, Essene EJ 1980, The ther modynamic properties and phase relations of some minerals on the system CaO-Al2O3 -SiO2H2O. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44f 61-84
Phillips GN 1980, Water activity changes across an amphibolite-ipranulite faciès transition, Broken Hill, Australia, Contr Mineral Petrol 75377-386
Pigage, L.C. and Greenwood, W.R., 1968, Internally consistent estimates of pressure and tèmperatue: the staurolite problem. Ibid, 282,943-969
Plyusnina LP (1982) Geothermometry and geobaro metty of plagioclase-hornblende tearing assemblages Contrib Mineral Petrol 80,140-146
Powell R, Evans Ja (1983) A new goebarometer for the assemblage biotite-muscovite-chlorite-quartz. J Metam GeoL 1,331-336
Rëjebian VA, Harris AG, Huebner S 1987, Cnodont co lor and textural alteration: an index to regional metamorphism, contact metamorphism and hydrottiermai alteration. Geol Soc Am Bull 99? 471-479
Richardson SW 1968, Staurolite stability in a part of the system Fe-Al-Si-Ö-H. J Petrol 9,467-488
Ringwood AE, Green DH 1964, Experimental investigations bearing an the nature of the Mohorovic discontinuity, Nature 201, 566-567
Robert C, Javoy M, Kienast JR 1985, Coefficients de distribution et mesures isotopiques 180/160: comparisions thermometriques et barométriques sur quelques et micaschistes de la zone SessiaLanzo (Alpes italiennes), Bull Minerai 108, 699- 711
Robie RA, Hemingway BS 1984, Entropies of kyanite, andalusite and sillimanite: additional constraints on the pressure and temperature of the Al2SiÖ5 triple point. Am Mineral 69,298-306
Robie RA, Hemingway BS and Fischer, J,R 1978, Thermodynamie properties of minerals and releted substances at 298,15 K and 1 bar pressure and high temperatures, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv,, 1452
Robinson GR 1983, Calibration of the muscovitebiotite-quartz-aluminosilicate geobarometer, Eos (Trans Am Geophys Un) 64,351
Salje E 1986, Heat capacities and entropies of andalusite and siiiimanite: the influence of fibrolitization on the phase diagram of the Al2Si05 polymorphs, Am Mineral 71, 1366-1371
Sanders IS, Daly JS, Davies GR 1987, Late Proterozoic high pressure granulite faciès metamorphism in the north-east Ox inlier, north-west Ireland. J Metam Geol 5,69-85
Sassi FP 1972, The petrologic and geologic significance of bo value of potassium white micas in lowgrade metamorphic rocks. An appliactions to the eastern Alps, Tschermaks Mineralogie Pétrographie Mitteilungen 18,105413
Sassi FP, Scolari A 1974, The b0 value of potassium white rhicas as a barometer in low grade metamorphism of pelitic schists, Contr Mineral Petrol «chramke JA, Kerrick DM, Lasagga AC 1987, The re action muscovite + quartz = andalusite - Kfeldspar + water. Part 1, Kinetics and mecha nisms, Am J Sei 287,517-559
Schreyer W, Seifert F 1969, Compatibility relations of the high pressure phases in the system MgQÖHjO. Am J Sei 267,371-385
Schreurs J, Westra L 1986, The thermometric evolution of a Proterozoic, low-pressure, granulite dome, S W Finland, Contr Mineral Petrol 93,236-250
Seifert F 1974, Stability of sapphirine: a study of the aluminious part of MgO-Al2O3 -SiO2 -ftO. J Geol 82,173=204
Sen S, Bhattacharya A 1984, An orthopyroxene-garnet thermometer and its application to the Madras charnockites, Gontr Mineral Petrol 88,64-71
Sharp ZD, Essene EJ, Anovitz LM, Metz GW, Westrum EF, Hemingway BS, Valley JW 1986, The heat capacity of monticellite and phase equilibria in the system CaO-MgO-SiOrCOj. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50, 1475-1484
Skippen GB 1974, An experimental model for lowpressure meta morphism of siliceous dolomitle marble, Am J Sei 274,487-509 -
Slaughter J, Kerrick DM, Wall VJ 1975, Experimental and thermodynamic study of equilibrium in the system CaO-MgO-SiOrH2O-CO2 , Am J Sei 275, 143-162
Smith DC 1984, Coesite in the Galedonides and its implications for geodynamics. Nature 310,641-644
Smyth JR, Hatten CJ 1977, Coesite-sanidine grospydite from the Roberts Victor kimberlite. Earth Planet Sei Lett 34,284-290
Sobolev NV, Yefimova ES, Koptil VI, Lav rent`yev YuG, Soboiev VS 1976, Coesite, garnet and omphasite inclusions in Yakutia diamonds-first finding of coesite parageneses, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 230,1442-1444
Spear FS, Selverstone J (1983) Quantitative P-T paths from zoned minerals: theory and tectonic applications, Contrib Mineral Petrol 83, pp: 348-357
Staudigel H, Schreyer W 1977, The upper thermal stability of clinochlore, MgSAl [A1Sİ3O10] (OH)8 at 10-35 kb PH20 . Contr Mineral Petrol 61,187498
Storre B, Karotke E 1971, An experimental determinati on of the upper stability limit of muscovite+quatz in the range 7=20 kb water pressure, Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1971, 237=240
Tanner SB? Kerrick DM, Lassaga AC 1985, Experimen tal kinetic study of the reaction calcite+quatz^woliastonite+carbon dioxite from 1 to 3 kbar and 500-850`C, Am J Sei 285,577-590
Teichmuller M 1987, Organic material and very low grade metamorphism. In: Frey M (ed) Low temperature metamorphism pp 114-161, Blackie, Glasgow
Thompson AB 1970a, A note on the kaolinitepyrophylite equilibrium, Am J Sei 268,454-458
Thompson AB 1970b, Laumontite-albite equilibria at low temperatures. Am J Sei 269,267-275
Thompson AB 1971, Anlcite-albite equilibria at low temperatures. Am J Sei 271,79-92
Thompson AB (1976) Mineral reactions in pelitic rocks. Calculation of some P-T-X (Mg-Fe) phase relations. Am J Sei 276: 425-454
Thompson AB, Frey M 1984, Hüte crystallinity in the Western River Formation and its significance regarding the regional metamorphism of the early Proterozoic Goulbura Group, District of Mackenzie, In: Current Research, Part A, Geol Sur Can Paper 84-1 A, 409=414
Treiman AH, Essene EJ 1983, Phase equilibria in the system CaO-SiO2 -CO2 , Am J Sei 283-A, 97-120
Turner FJ 1968» Metamorphic Petrology, 1st edn, McGraw HiU, New York
Velde B (1965) Phengitic micas: Synthesis, stability and natural occurence. Am J Sei 263,886-913
Velde B (1967) Si4+ content of natural phengites. Contrib Mineral Petrol 14,250-258
Wada GF, Suzuki K 1983, Carbon isotope thermometry calibrated by dolomite-calcite solvus temperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47,697-706
Weisbrod A 1973, Refinements of the equilibrium con ditions the reaction Fe - cordierite = garnet + sillimanite + quartz (+H2O). Carnegie Institute of Washington Geopyys Lab Yearbook 72,515-522
Winkler HGF 1965, Petorogenesis of metamorphic rocks, 1st edn, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 237 pp
Wintsch RP, O` Connell AF, Ranson BL, Wiechmann M3 1981, Evidence for the influence of fCH4 on the crystallinity of disseminated carbon in greenschist faciès rocks, Rhode Island, USA. Contr Mineral Petrol 77,50-73
ÖZ: Metamorfik kayaçların çalışılmasında günümüze kadar kullanılagelen klasik petrografik incelemeler sonucu elde edilen izograd haritaları yardımıyla, çalışılan bölgedeki metamorfizmanın basınç ve sıcaklık koşullarına bir yaklaşımda bulunulabilmektedir. Buna karşın, jeokimyasal analiz tekniklerinin gelişmesiyle birlikte bir kayaç içerisindeki tek bir mineralin ve çevresinde yer alan diğer minerallerin kimyasal birleşimlerinin belirlenmesi olanaklı olmuştur. Dolayısıyla, bir kayaç içerisindeki minerallerin kimyasal bileşimlerinin belirlenmesi ve bunlar arasındaki reaksiyon dokularının çalışılması, metamorfik petrografinin ileri ve temel unsurları arasında yerini almıştır. Bu analizlerin gerçekleştirilmesi için ise Elektron Prob Mikro Analiz (EPMA veya EMA) yöntemi olarak isimlendirilen nokta analiz yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır, Metamorfizmada etkin olan basıncın belirlenmesi jeobarometre olarak isimlendirilmekte ve met dönüşüm reaksiyonlarından gidilerek hesaplanmaktadır, Metamorfizmanın sıcaklık koşullarının her ikisinin birden belirlenmesi yöntemi kısaca Jeotermobarometre olarak isimlendirilmektedir,
Sismik Tehlike Analizi: Teori ve Uygulama
Sismik Tehlike Analizi
Probabilistik Yaklaşım
Teori ve Uygulama
Algermissen, S.T,, Perkins, D.M., Thenhaus, P.C., Hanson, S.L., and Bender, B,L., 1982, Probabilistic estimates of maximum acceleration and velocity in rock in the contiguous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 824033,
Anderson, J.G., 1978, Program EQRISK: A computer program for finding uniform risk spectra of strong earthquake ground motion: Report, LL of Southern California, Dept, of Civil Engineering
Araya, R, and Der Kiureghian, A., 1988, Seismic hazard analysis; improved models, uncertainties and sensitivities, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Report No, UCB/ÊERC-90/11, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 155 p
Bender, B. and Perkins, D.M., 1987, SEIRISK III: A computer program for seismic hazard estimation: U,S. Geol. Surv, Bull. No.1772,
Campbell, K.W.,1985, Strong motion attenuation relations a ten-year perspective: Earthquake Spectra, 1(4), 759-804,
Chiang, W-L,, Guidi, G.A,, Mortgart, C.P., Schoof, C.C. and Shah, H,C, 1984, Computer programs for seismic hazard analysis: A User Manual, Report No.62, The J. A. Blume Earthquake Engine» ering Cener, Stanford University, California.
EERI Commitee on Seismic Risk, 1989, The basics of seismic risk analysis: Earthquake Spectra, 5(4), 675-702.
Gülkan, P., Koçyiğit, A., Yiicemen, M.S., Doyuran, V, ve Başöz, N., 1993, en son verilere göre hazırlanan Türkiye deprem bölgeleri haritası: ODTÜ Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırma Merkezi, Rapor No, 93-01
Joyner, WJ3, and Boore, D.M., 1988, Measurement, characterization and prediction of sfrong ground motion: Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 2, Recent Advances in Ground potion Evaluation, 43402,
Polo, CM. and Slemmons, D.B., 1990, Estimation of earthquake size for seismic hazards, in Kri= nitzsky, E,L, and Slemmons, D.B,, editors, Neotectonics in Earthquake Evaluation: Reviews irt Engineering Geology, 8,1-28
TORA Corporation, 1980, Seismic hazard analysis for the Savannah River Plant, South Carolina: Report by TERA Corporation, 2150 Shattuck Ave. Berkeley, California.
ÖZ: Bu çalışmada deterministik ve probabitistik olarak İkiye ayıran sismik tehlike analizinin esasları verilmiştir, Probabilistik yaklaşım kullanılarak bir bilgisayar programı yazılmıştır. Programda maksimum yer ivmesine karşılık gelen dönüş periyodları ile belirli bir zaman dilimi içerisinde maksimum yer ivmesi değerlerinin aşılma ihtimali hesaplanmaktadır. Programın kolay anlaşılmasını sağlamak amacıyla bir de örnek problem sunulmuştur.
Sınır Tenör Kararlarında Üretim Kapasite Kısıtlarının Etkileri
Sınır Tenör
Üretim Kapasitesi
Rezerv
Tenör
Blackwell MJLL., 1970, Some Aspects of the Evaluation and Planning of the Bougainville Copper Project, Decision-making in the Mineral Industry, C,LM., pp, 261-269,
David, M., 1977, Geostatictical Ore Reserve Estimation, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, p, 364.
Demirok, H,, Apul, H.R., Özyurt, A, ve înanç, Ö 1984, Etibank 100. Yıl Gümüş Madeni İşletmeleri Müessesesi Müdürlüğü Gümüş Madeni Açık İşletme Projesi (I. Revizyon), Kütahya, 132 s
Koçak, Y,, 1987, Etibank Kütahya Gümüşköy 100. Yıl Konsantrasyon ve İzabe tesisi Projesi Fizibilite Etüdü (VI, Revizyon), Ankara, 91 s.
Lane, K,R, 1964, Choosing the Optimum Cut-Off Grade, Quaterley of the Colorado School of Mines, No,59, pp. 811=829
Lane, K.R, 1988, The Economic Definition of Ore (Cut-Off Grades in Theory and Practice), Mining Journal Books Ltd., London, p. 149
Nasuf,E,, 1983, Rezerv Hesaplamalarında istatistiksel Yöntemler ve Bilgisayar Uygulamaları, Türkiye Mad, Bil, ve Tek, 8. Kong, Bildiriler Kitabı, Ankara, s. 201-212.
Nilsson, D. and Aaro, B,, (1985), Cut-Off Grade Optimization, International Mining, July 1985, pp. 28-33.
Parker, R, 1979, The Volume-Variance Relationship: A Useful Tool for Mine Planning, Engineering and Mining Journal, October 1979, pp. 106423,
Ross-Watt, D. and Mackenzie, B., 1979, A Mining Project Evaluation Technique Incorporating the Response of Mine Management to the Resolution of Uncertainty, Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry, AIME, New York, pp. 115-127
Taylor, H,K., 1972, General Background Theory of Cut off Grades, I.M.M, Transactions, July 1972,pp.A160-179.
ÖZ: Bu çalışmada, sınır tenor kurarlarında üretim kapasite kısıtlarının etkileri araştırmaktadır. Bu amaçla öncelikle, rezerv-tenor dağılımlarının normal veya lognormal olması durumları için sınır tenor tonaj oranı ve ortalama tenor ilişkileri ete alınmaktadır* Daha sonra, tesis besleme tesis çıkış ve maden tükenme kapasitesi kısıtlarının sınır tenor kararlarına etkilerİ analiz edilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın uygulama çalışması ise Etibank Kütahya Gümüşkoy Gümüş Madeni İşletmesi üretim tesisleri ve sondaj verileri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmektedir.
Katı Atık (Çöp) Depo Yerlerinin Seçimi ve İnşasındaki Bazı Ana Hususlar
Katı Atık
Depo Yerlerinin Seçimi
Jeomorfolojik Durum
Jeolojik-Hidrojeolojik Durum
Aktaş, A,, 1993, Das bericht von institut für umveltgeo« logie Schmitz, Köln.
Barkowski, D.? 1990, Altlasten, Handbuch zur Ermittlung und Abwehr von Gefahren durch kontaminierte Standote-Verlag CF. Müller GmbH, Karlsruhe.
Şengüler, İ, 1994, Mamak (Ankara) Eski Çöp Depolama Alanı ve Çevresel Etkileri, Enerji ve Çevre Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, s, 373, Mersin Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, Mersin
1993, m Çevre Bakanlığı Katı atık Depo Alanlan Yönetimi ile ilgili Yönerge, Ankara
ÖZ: Katı atıkların ortadan kaldırılmasında en etkili yöntemlerden birisi uygun yer koşullarında depolamadır. Ancak tekniğe uygun yapılmamış bir katı atık deposu Özellikle yeraltısu kirliliği açısından önemli tehlikeler arz eder. Bu nedenle depo yerleri Öncelikle jeolojik durum ve diğer veriler dikkate alınarak seçilmeli bu veriler doğrultusunda depo inşa edilmelidir,
Niggli - Magmatik Kayaçların Niggli Parametrelerini Hesaplayan ve Değerlendiren İnteraktif Quickbasic Programı
Niggli Parametreleri
Magmatik Kayaçlar
İnteraktif Quickbasic
Buni, C, 1964, Pettochemical Calculations Based on Equivalents, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 304 p
Bürküt, Y.? 1966, Kuzeybatı Anadoluda yer alan Plü tonların Mukayeseli Jenetik Etüdü, Doktora Tezi. Î.T.Ü, Matbaası.
Cross, CW,, Iddings, I.P., Pirsson, L.V., Washington, H.S., 1902, A Quantitative Chemicomineralogical Classification and Nomenclature of Igneous Rocks, J. Geology, v.lö, p, 555-690
Denaeyer, M.E., 1967, Tableaux da Pétrographie (Deuxième edit.), Editions Lamarere-Poina, Paris, 108 p
Niggli, P.? 1923, Gesteins-und Mineralprovinzen L, Berlin, Bontrager
Örgün, Y 1992, Topuk-Göynükbelen (Orhaneli-Bursa) Yöresi Nikel Olu|umlannın Kökensel înceienmesi, Doktora Tezi, Î.T.Ü, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 216 s
Pearce, T,H 1968, A Contribution to the Theory of Variation Diagrams, Contrib. Mineral, PettoL, 19, p, 142-157.
Stanley, Cit , Russell, J.K., 1989, Pearce. Plot: A Tur= bo-Pascal Program for the Analysis of Rock Compositions with Pearce Element Ratio Diagrams, Comters & Geosicences, vol.5, no.6, p, 905-926
Yavuz, F.,Gültekin, A,H 1994, Gipet: Granîtoidlerde . Grafiksel Ağırlıklı Bilgisayar Uygulamaları, Geosound, sayı 24,67-82 s.
ÖZ: Magmatik kayaçların asli element kimyasal analiz sonuçları bir takım basit hesaplama teknikleri ile petrolojik değerlendirmeler açısından doyurucu bilgiler sunan formlara dönüştürülebilir. Niggli değerleri olarak tanımlanan parametreler, asli element kimyasal analizi yapılan kayaçların diferansiyasyon seyirlerini, ait oldukları magmatik provensleri alkali özelliklerini ve söz konusu kayaçların ne tür bir magmadan türemiş olduğu konusunda somut veriler ortaya koyar, QUICK BASIC programlama dilinde yazılan NİGGLİ programı, magmatik kayaçların asli element kimyasal analiz sonuçlarından Niggli parametrelerini hesaplar, petrokimyasal açıdan değerlendirir ve değişimlerini grafiksel olarak sunar. Derlenmiş şekli yaklaşık 356 kilo baytdır. Program VGA grafik karta sahip IBM uyumlu kişisel bilgisayarlarda işlevini sürdürür
Yerbilimlerinin Felsefi Yönleri
Yerbilimleri
Felsefi Yönleri
Jeolojinin İlkeleri
Bemmelen, R,W, Van, 1961, The scientific character of geology: J.GeoL, voi.69, pp, 453-46 L
Bertanlanfly, L. Von, 1952, Problems of life, an evaluation of modern biological thought: London, Watts, 216 pp.
Birch, L.C, 1951, Concept of nature: Am, Scientist, vol.39, pp. 294-302.
Bubnoff, S, Von, 1959, Grundprobleme der Geologie: Berlin, Akademie-Verlag, 234 pp,
Bucher, W.H., 1950, The crust of the earth: Sei, American, vol. 182, no. 5, pp, 32-41.
Chamberlm, T.C., 1904, The methods of the earthsciences: Popular Sei, Monthly, vol.66, pp, 66-75.
Garrels, RM., 1951, A textbook of geology: New York, Harper, 511 pp,
Geike, Sir Archibald, 1905, The founders of geology: London, Macmillan, 486 pp,
Gordon, W/L, 1951, Geology, in, H, Dingle, ed, A century of science: London, Hutchinson`s Scientific and Technical PubL, pp, 98-113.
Hagner, A.F., 1961, Geologic education and its influence on approaches to geologic problems: J.Geol. Educ, vol.9, pp. 89-97.
Krumbein, W.C., 1960, The geological population as a framework for analyzing numerical data in geology: Liverpool and Manchester Geol. J,, vol.2, pp. 341-368.
Mach, E., 1903, quoted in Schrödinger, Erwin, What is life, and other scientific essays: New York, Doubieday, 1956, 263 pp,
Margenau, EL, I960, Foreward to, The search for order by C J. Schneer: New York, Harper, XII pp
Pospelov, GJL, 1961, Geology as a science and its place in natural history: Izvestiya Acad. Sei,, USSR, Geol. Ser., 1960, (trans. Nov., 1961), pp. 141.
Schneer, C J,, 1960, The search for order: New York, Harper, 398 pp.
Stokes, WXi, 1960, Ant infroduction to historical geology: New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 502 pp.
Thomas, H.H., 1947, The rise of geology and its influence on contemporary thought: Ann. Sei., vol. 5, pp. 325-341.
Umbgrove, J,RR, 1947, The pulse of the earth: The Ha gue, Nijhoff, 358 pp.
ÖZ: Doğaya yerbilimleri açısından bakış, ilginç düşünsel sorunlar üretmesinin yanında diğer bilim dallarının düşünüş ve gelişimine de katkıda bulunacak bir bakış açısı getirmiştir. Henüz göreceli olarak keşfedilmemiş bir bilgi alanı, analiz ve değerlendirilmeleri açık bir şekilde belirtilmektedir.
Yarı Fosilleşmiş Dinazor Yumurtaları
Yarı Fosilleşmiş
Dinazor
Yumurta
Öygür, V., 1993, Jurassic Park, Bilimin Halk Düzeyine İndirilmesinin Yolu, Jeoloji Mühendisliği, s, 42, 118427,
Jinghua, and Xiaosi, F,, 1994, Xixia, the Kingdom of Dinozaur Egg Fossils, China and World Cultural Exchange, No, 4, pp. 20-21 Beijing,
ÖZ: Dinazor kelimesi yaklaşık yüzyıl önce ilk defa Sır Richard Owen tarafından kullanılmıştır, Yunanca "korkunç" anlamına gelen "denius" ve "kertenkele" anlamına gelen "sauros" sözcüklerinden türetilmiştir, Ancak zamanla daha da genelleştirilerek bütün iri yapılı sürüngen fosillerine atfedilmiştir. Bugün ise dinazor kelimesi soyu tükenmiş olan bazı tür sürüngenler için kullanılmaktadır. Dinozorlar ilk olarak 230 milyon yıl önce Orta Trias`da görüldüler, İlk ortaya çıkan türleri sürüngendi)- zorlar grubuna aittir. Ancak zamanla genişleyerek farklı yönlerde evrimleştiler. Karada ve suda yaşayan türleri yanı sıra hem karada hem suda yaşayan ve uçabilen türleri vardı, Devasa büyüklükte olanların yanında tavuk büyüklüğünde olanları da saptanmıştır. En iri dinozor olan Diplodocus, 26 metreyi bulan uzunluğu ile dev boyutlu bir hayvandı, Bazıları iki ayak, bazdan ise dört ayak üzerinde hareket eden bu hayvanlar etçil, otçul veya Tasladıkları her şeyi yemeye yatkın canlılardı. Dinozorların soyunun tükenme nedeni bugün tam olarak anlaşılmış değildir (Oygür, 1993),