TMMOB
AHP Yöntemi`nin Heyelan Duyarlılık Haritalarının Üretilmesinde Kullanımı ve Uygulaması (Sinop ve Yakın Çevresi)
Analitik hiyerarşi süreci (AHP)
Gerze
Heyelan
Heyelan Duyarlılığı
Sinop
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Çellek, S , Bulut, F , Ersoy, H . (2015). AHP Yönteminin Heyelan Duyarlılık Haritalarının Üretilmesinde Kullanımı ve Uygulaması (Sinop ve Yakın Çevresi) . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 39 (2) , 59-90 . DOI: 10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.295
Çellek, S , Bulut, F , Ersoy, H . AHP Yönteminin Heyelan Duyarlılık Haritalarının Üretilmesinde Kullanımı ve Uygulaması (Sinop ve Yakın Çevresi). Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 39 (2015 ): 59-90
Öz: Bilgisayar destekli haritalama teknolojileri ve bunların geliştirilmesinde kullanılan yöntemlerdemeydana gelen gelişmeler, daha yüksek performansa sahip heyelan duyarlılık haritalarının üretilmesinisağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, bu yöntemlerden biri olan AHPnin (Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci) heyelanduyarlılık haritalarının üretilmesinde kullanımına ilişkin ayrıntılı bir literatür derlemesi yapılmış,ayrıca AHP ile Sinop ve çevresinin heyelan duyarlılık değerlendirilmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Heyelanduyarlılığının değerlendirilmesinde bakı, litoloji, arazi kullanım sınıfı, yamaç eğriselliği, eğim, yükseklik,anayola, akarsuya ve yapısal unsurlara yakınlık, çalışma sahasında heyelanları kontrol eden faktörlerolarak dikkate alınmıştır. Kullanılan faktörler ağırlık değerlerine göre grid haritalarına dönüştürülmüş vekarşılaştırma matrisindeki değerlerin değişik şekillerde ele alınması ile çeşitli heyelan duyarlılık haritalarıüretilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, heyelanları temelde kontrol eden faktörlerin anayola uzaklık, bakı ve litolojiolduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, heyelan duyarlılığı açısından Sinop ve yakın çevresindeki çalışmasahasının, % 10.77sinin çok düşük derecede heyelana duyarlı, % 10.59unun düşük derecede heyelanaduyarlı, % 52.64ünün orta derecede heyelana duyarlı, %25.66sının yüksek derecede, % 0.34ünün çokyüksek derecede heyelana duyarlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, özellikle son yıllardaartan biçimde kullanılan AHPnin çalışma alanı için yüksek performans sağladığı saptanmıştır.
Sülfatça Zengin Killi Kayaların Dayanım ve Deformasyon Özellikleri ile
Gevrek Kırılma Süreçleri
Anhidrit
Gevrek Kırılma
Jips
Kil
Şişme
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Ündül, Ö , Amann, F , Kaisser, P . (2015). Sülfatça Zengin Killi Kayaların Dayanım ve Deformasyon Özellikleri ile Gevrek Kırılma Süreçleri . Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi , 39 (2) , 91-116 . DOI: 10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.295372
Ündül, Ö , Amann, F , Kaisser, P . Sülfatça Zengin Killi Kayaların Dayanım ve Deformasyon Özellikleri ile Gevrek Kırılma Süreçleri. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 39 (2015 ): 91-116
ÖZ: Sülfatça zengin killi kayalar üzerinde yapılan mühendislik çalışmalarında jips oluşumuna bağlıkabarmalar önemli sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Jips oluşumu genellikle, önceden varolan ve gerilimrahatlamaları sonucu genişleyen tektonik yapılara bağlı olarak veya çevresel gerilmeler etkisi ile oluşanmikroçatlakar boyunca gelişmektedir. Sülfatça zengin killi kayalar içerisinde yapılan yeraltı kazılarında,gerilmelerin, kırıklanma başlangıcı eşik değerini aşması durumunda, gevrek kırılma prensiblerinebağlı olarak deformasyon bölgeleri oluşmaktadır. Bu deformasyon bölgelerindeki mikroçatlakların,sülfatça zengin yeraltısularından jipsin çökelmesi için uygun koşulları sağlayacağı öne sürülmektedir.Bu çalışmada, sülfat içeriği yüksek killi kayaların yenilme mekanizmalarını açıklayabilmek için tekeksenli ve üç eksenli sıkışma testleri, akustik emisyon ve yüksek çözünürlüklü deformasyon ölçümleri,mikroyapısal ve mineralojik analizler ile birlikte gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan örneklerİsviçrenin kuzey kesimlerinde bulunan Belchen tünellerindeki Triyas yaşlı Gipskeuper formasyonundanalınmıştır. Çalışılan kaya birimi, tipik olarak belirgin killi seviyelerden, sert anhidrit damarlarındanve nodüllerinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma sırasında, düşük deviatorik gerilme koşullarındaki yenilmedavranışının, mikrokkırıkların ilk oluşmaya başladığı killi matriksin dayanımı ile kontrol edildiği ortayakonmuştur. Bunun yanında, artan deviatör gerilme veya şekil değiştirmeler ile, ilerleyen mikroçatlaklarınsağlam heterojen unsurlar tarafindan sınırlandırıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca mikrokırıklar, killi seviyelerile sağlam heterojen yapıların arasındaki sınırı takip ederek gelişmekte veya artan gerilmeler iledaha sağlam heterojen yapıya (Anhidrit damarları) girmektedirler. Elde edilen bulgular daha büyükölçekte değerlendirildiğinde, anhidrit tabakaları gibi sağlam heterojen yapıların ilerleyen kırıkları sınırlandırabileceği ve kaya kütlesinin hızlı bir şekilde parçalanmasını önleyeceği düşünülmektedir. Bubağlamda, kaya kütlesinin, mikrokırıklanma başlangıcı eşik değerinin aşılmasından sonra zarar görmesinerağmen heterojen yapısından dolayı kendini tutabilecek olması, hızlı gelişen stabilite problemleriniönleyecektir
Mezitli Deresi Boyunca Biyojeokimyasal Anomalilerin İncelenmesi, Mersin
Biyojeokimyasal anomali
Belirtgen bitki
B-Cr-Pb-Cu-Sr-Li
Mezitli-Mersin
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Demir, E , Özdemir, Z , Hatipoğlu Bağcı, Z . Mezitli Deresi Boyunca Biyojeokimyasal Anomalilerin İncelenmesi, Mersin. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 39 (2015 ): 117-133
ÖZ: Son yıllarda, biyojeokimyasal yöntemler maden aramalarında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Buçalışmada, Mezitli Deresi (Mersin) boyunca doğal olarak yetişen Platanus orientalis (doğu çınarı) vePhragmites australis (kamış) bitki türlerinde biyojeokimyasal anomalilerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır.Mezitli (Mersin) bölgesinde 8 istasyondan alınan P. australis ve P. orientalis bitkilerinin yaprak ve dalörnekleri ile bu istasyonlardan alınan toprak ve dere suyu örneklerindeki Li, B, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co,Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Cs, Ba ve Pb için element düzeyleri, endüktif eşleşmiş plazmakütle spektrometrisi (ICP-MS) ile saptanmıştır. Bu analiz sonuçlarının istatistiksel olarak incelenmesisonucunda, P. orientalis bitki türünün dalının B (n = 10, r = 0,76, % 99 güvenilirlikle P < 0,01), Cr (n = 12,r = -0,67, % 95 güvenilirlikle, P < 0,05), Sr (n = 9, r = 0,72, % 95 güvenilirlikle, P < 0,05) ve Pb (n = 11, r =0,63, % 95 güvenilirlikle, P < 0,05) elementleri için belirtgen bitki olarak biyojeokimyasal prospeksiyondakullanılabileceği saptanmıştır. Aynı zamanda P. australis bitki türünün yaprağının ise Cu (n = 11, r = -0,66,%95 güvenilirlikle, P < 0,05), Cr (n = 11, r = 0,64, %95 güvenilirlikle, P < 0,05) ve Li (n = 10, r = 0,77,% 99 güvenilirlikle, P < 0,01) elementleri için belirtgen bitki olarak biyojeokimyasal prospeksiyondakullanılabileceği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca Cr, B, Sr, Pb, Cu ve Li için belirtgen bitki olarak saptanan P.orientalis ve P. australis bitki türleri ile toprak arasındaki inter- element ilişkileri de incelenmiştir.